New Russian tanks t 99 priority. The latest Russian tanks - what are they? The newest tank in Russia. Decommissioned tanks are returning

Discussions about the creation of fourth-generation tanks have been going on for quite a long time. A certain obsolescence of third-generation equipment became noticeable already in the 1990s in connection with the improvement of anti-tank warfare and the transition to hybrid wars. Accordingly, not only the requirements for the best survivability and firepower are applied to fourth-generation tanks, as in the era cold war. In modern local wars, the maneuverability of equipment and the availability of modern surveillance systems are very important. This is due to the fact that the main enemy is usually not tanks, but mobile infantry formations with light anti-tank weapons. The requirements for crew survival are also increasing. To a certain extent, these problems are solved by modernization, but by no means completely.

background

The T-99 "Prioritet" tank did not appear from scratch, but became the heir to several promising developments at once. The Soviet T-72 and T-80 tanks were perfectly suited to repel a massive tank attack from a hypothetical enemy, surpassing their Western counterparts in terms of price-quality ratio. However, in local conflicts their serious shortcomings were quickly revealed.

First of all, this is the poor survival of the crew after breaking through the armor, since the ammunition is not isolated by the armored partition. And the second problem was the lag in terms of equipment with modern electronics.

Created on the basis of the T-72 chassis and the T-80 turret, the new T-90 tank was only a temporary solution. To replace it, a promising Black Eagle tank was developed in Omsk, and the T-95 project was developed in Chelyabinsk. Both developments were eventually scrapped. But many of them have found their application in the T-99 "Priority" or T-14 "Armata" tanks. Currently, the second version of the name is more common. But until the equipment passes all the tests and is not accepted into service in the final version, the name can still be changed.

General information

The named tank is still secret, but certain information about it is gradually accumulating.

The newest Russian tank T-99 is currently the only fourth-generation tank fully embodied in metal. Its layout is radically different from all Soviet combat vehicles.

The tower is completely uninhabited, which greatly increased the safety of the command staff of the crew. The team is in an isolated armored capsule. The crew members, who, according to some sources, are two, and according to others - three, sit shoulder to shoulder in front of the tank. The main succession of the T-99 "Priority" in relation to previous tanks is the rear-mounted engine, a relatively small mass and a standard gun caliber of 125 mm.

Assembly layout and armor

The 1200-horsepower engine and transmission are isolated from each other as much as possible. In a separate armored compartment there is also an automatic loader with ammunition. All this is designed to protect equipment as much as possible in case of penetration of armor from fire and detonation of ammunition.

The armor of the T-99 "Priority", like any modern tank, is made according to the composite principle. It alternates layers of steel, composites and air gaps, which allows you to maximize the resistance of the reservation with a small thickness. With the same thickness, the armor resistance of composite armor can be two or more times higher than that of classical homogeneous.

The armor of the tank used a new steel grade 44S-sv-Sh, characterized by high hardness combined with high toughness. It is assumed that this is medium carbon steel with the addition of silicon. Additives of vanadium and molybdenum are also likely. On top of the composite armor, the built-in multi-layer dynamic protection of the Malachite type is reinforced, covered with a five-millimeter armor plate to protect it from triggering when hit by bullets. In addition, the T-99 Priority is equipped with the latest Afganit active defense system.

Armament

The tank is equipped with a fully automated 125 mm 2A82-1C gun, which is further development cannons of tanks of the T-72 family, and two machine guns, course and anti-aircraft. It should be noted that the issue of equipping the tank with a 152 mm cannon was repeatedly raised, and the design of the tank allows this to be done.

But the 152 mm caliber will significantly make the tank heavier, reduce the ammunition load and rate of fire. And its main advantages are only in the battle of a tank against a tank. In modern hybrid wars, mobility and rate of fire are much more important. Fortunately, a 125 mm gun is enough to destroy Western tanks at a distance of up to 1.5 kilometers.

Possible disadvantages

The design of the T-99 "Priority" is still being finalized. But there are some controversial points to be noted. First of all, this is an excessive emphasis on electronics, the survivability of which in combat conditions is not yet clear. In the event of failure of even a small unit, the crew sitting in the armored capsule will not be able to do anything. In addition, it perfectly protects the crew, but makes it difficult to evacuate it if the tank is still shot down.

Obviously, the newest Russian tank T-99 "Prioritet" or T-14 "Armata" was a breakthrough. However, at this stage, it is very important to conduct comprehensive tests to eliminate all childhood diseases of a formidable machine, since after the start of mass production it will be quite difficult to change an expensive design.

Modern battle tanks of Russia and the world photos, videos, pictures to watch online. This article gives an idea of ​​the modern tank fleet. It is based on the classification principle used in the most authoritative reference book to date, but in a slightly modified and improved form. And if the latter in its original form can still be found in the armies of a number of countries, then others have already become a museum exhibit. And all for 10 years! To follow in the footsteps of the Jane's guide and not consider this combat vehicle (quite by the way, curious in design and fiercely discussed at the time), which formed the basis of the tank fleet of the last quarter of the 20th century, the authors considered it unfair.

Films about tanks where there is still no alternative to this type of armament of the ground forces. The tank was and probably will remain for a long time modern weapons due to the ability to combine such seemingly contradictory qualities as high mobility, powerful weapons and reliable crew protection. These unique qualities of tanks continue to be constantly improved, and the experience and technologies accumulated over decades predetermine new frontiers of combat properties and achievements of the military-technical level. In the age-old confrontation "projectile - armor", as practice shows, protection from a projectile is being improved more and more, acquiring new qualities: activity, multilayeredness, self-protection. At the same time, the projectile becomes more accurate and powerful.

Russian tanks are specific in that they allow you to destroy the enemy from a safe distance, have the ability to perform quick maneuvers on impassable roads, contaminated terrain, can “walk” through the territory occupied by the enemy, seize a decisive bridgehead, induce panic in the rear and suppress the enemy with fire and caterpillars . The war of 1939-1945 became the most difficult test for all mankind, since almost all countries of the world were involved in it. It was the battle of the titans - the most unique period that theorists argued about in the early 1930s and during which tanks were used in large numbers by almost all the warring parties. At this time, a "check for lice" and a deep reform of the first theories of the use of tank troops took place. And it is the Soviet tank forces all of which are the most affected.

Tanks in battle that became a symbol of the past war, the backbone of the Soviet armored forces? Who created them and under what conditions? How did the USSR, which lost most of its European territories and with difficulty recruiting tanks for the defense of Moscow, was he already able to release powerful tank formations on the battlefields in 1943? When writing the book, materials from the archives of Russia and private collections of tank builders were used. There was a period in our history that was deposited in my memory with some depressing feeling. It began with the return of our first military advisers from Spain, and stopped only at the beginning of forty-third, - said the former general designer of self-propelled guns L. Gorlitsky, - there was some kind of pre-stormy state.

Tanks of the Second World War, it was M. Koshkin, almost underground (but, of course, with the support of "the wisest of the wise leader of all peoples"), who was able to create that tank that, a few years later, would shock German tank generals. And what’s more, he didn’t just create it, the designer managed to prove to these stupid military men that it was his T-34 that they needed, and not just another wheeled-tracked “highway”. The author is in slightly different positions that he formed after meeting with the pre-war documents of the RGVA and RGAE. Therefore, working on this segment of the history of the Soviet tank, the author will inevitably contradict something "generally accepted". This work describes the history of Soviet tank building in the most difficult years - from the beginning of a radical restructuring of all the activities of design bureaus and people's commissariats in general, during a frantic race to equip new tank formations of the Red Army, the transfer of industry to wartime rails and evacuation.

Tanks Wikipedia the author wants to express his special gratitude for the help in the selection and processing of materials to M. Kolomiyets, and also to thank A. Solyankin, I. Zheltov and M. Pavlov, the authors of the reference publication "Domestic armored vehicles. XX century. 1905 - 1941" because this book helped to understand the fate of some projects, unclear before. I would also like to recall with gratitude those conversations with Lev Izraelevich Gorlitsky, the former Chief Designer of UZTM, which helped to take a fresh look at the entire history of the Soviet tank during the Great Patriotic War Soviet Union. Today, for some reason, it is customary to talk about 1937-1938 in our country. only from the point of view of repressions, but few people remember that it was during this period that those tanks were born that became legends of the wartime ... "From the memoirs of L.I. Gorlinkogo.

Soviet tanks, a detailed assessment of them at that time sounded from many lips. Many old people recalled that it was from the events in Spain that it became clear to everyone that the war was getting closer to the threshold and it was Hitler who would have to fight. In 1937, mass purges and repressions began in the USSR, and against the backdrop of these difficult events soviet tank began to turn from a "mechanized cavalry" (in which one of its combat qualities was emphasized by lowering others) into a balanced combat vehicle, possessing at the same time powerful weapons sufficient to suppress most targets, good maneuverability and mobility with armor protection, capable of maintaining its combat capability under shelling the most massive anti-tank weapons of a potential enemy.

It was recommended that large tanks be introduced into the composition in addition only special tanks - floating, chemical. The brigade now had 4 separate battalions 54 tanks each and was strengthened by the transition from three-tank platoons to five-tank ones. In addition, D. Pavlov justified the refusal to form in 1938 to the four existing mechanized corps three more, believing that these formations are immobile and difficult to control, and most importantly, they require a different rear organization. The tactical and technical requirements for promising tanks, as expected, have been adjusted. In particular, in a letter dated December 23 to the head of the design bureau of plant No. 185 named after. CM. Kirov new boss demanded to strengthen the armor of new tanks so that at a distance of 600-800 meters (effective range).

The latest tanks in the world when designing new tanks, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of increasing the level of armor protection during modernization by at least one step ... "This problem could be solved in two ways: First, by increasing the thickness of the armor plates and, secondly," by using increased armor resistance". It is easy to guess that the second way was considered more promising, since the use of specially hardened armor plates, or even two-layer armor, could, while maintaining the same thickness (and the mass of the tank as a whole), increase its resistance by 1.2-1.5 It was this path (the use of specially hardened armor) that was chosen at that moment to create new types of tanks.

Tanks of the USSR at the dawn of tank production, armor was most massively used, the properties of which were identical in all directions. Such armor was called homogeneous (homogeneous), and from the very beginning of the armor business, the craftsmen strove to create just such armor, because uniformity ensured stability of characteristics and simplified processing. However, at the end of the 19th century, it was noticed that when the surface of the armor plate was saturated (to a depth of several tenths to several millimeters) with carbon and silicon, its surface strength increased sharply, while the rest of the plate remained viscous. So heterogeneous (heterogeneous) armor came into use.

In military tanks, the use of heterogeneous armor was very important, since an increase in the hardness of the entire thickness of the armor plate led to a decrease in its elasticity and (as a result) to an increase in brittleness. Thus, the most durable armor, other things being equal, turned out to be very fragile and often pricked even from bursts of high-explosive fragmentation shells. Therefore, at the dawn of armor production in the manufacture of homogeneous sheets, the task of the metallurgist was to achieve the highest possible hardness of the armor, but at the same time not to lose its elasticity. Surface-hardened by saturation with carbon and silicon armor was called cemented (cemented) and was considered at that time a panacea for many ills. But cementation is a complex, harmful process (for example, processing a hot plate with a jet of lighting gas) and relatively expensive, and therefore its development in a series required high costs and an increase in production culture.

Tank of the war years, even in operation, these hulls were less successful than homogeneous ones, since for no apparent reason cracks formed in them (mainly in loaded seams), and it was very difficult to put patches on holes in cemented slabs during repairs. But still, it was expected that a tank protected by 15-20 mm cemented armor would be equivalent in terms of protection to the same, but covered with 22-30 mm sheets, without a significant increase in mass.
Also, by the mid-1930s, in tank building, they learned how to harden the surface of relatively thin armor plates by uneven hardening, known since the end of the 19th century in shipbuilding as the "Krupp method". Surface hardening led to a significant increase in the hardness of the front side of the sheet, leaving the main thickness of the armor viscous.

How tanks shoot videos up to half the thickness of the slab, which was, of course, worse than carburizing, since despite the fact that the hardness of the surface layer was higher than during carburizing, the elasticity of the hull sheets was significantly reduced. So the "Krupp method" in tank building made it possible to increase the strength of armor even somewhat more than carburizing. But the hardening technology that was used for sea armor of large thicknesses was no longer suitable for relatively thin tank armor. Before the war, this method was almost never used in our serial tank building due to technological difficulties and relatively high cost.

Combat use of tanks The most developed for tanks was the 45-mm tank gun mod 1932/34. (20K), and before the event in Spain, it was believed that its power was enough to perform most tank tasks. But the battles in Spain showed that the 45-mm gun could only satisfy the task of fighting enemy tanks, since even the shelling of manpower in the mountains and forests turned out to be ineffective, and it was possible to disable a dug-in enemy firing point only in the event of a direct hit . Shooting at shelters and bunkers was ineffective due to the small high-explosive action of a projectile weighing only about two kg.

Types of tanks photo so that even one hit of a projectile reliably disables an anti-tank gun or machine gun; and thirdly, in order to increase the penetrating effect of a tank gun on the armor of a potential enemy, since, using the example of French tanks (already having an armor thickness of the order of 40-42 mm), it became clear that the armor protection of foreign combat vehicles tends to be significantly increased. There was a right way to do this - an increase in the caliber of tank guns and a simultaneous increase in the length of their barrel, since a long gun of a larger caliber fires heavier shells with a larger initial speed over a longer distance without correcting the pickup.

The best tanks in the world had a large caliber gun, also had a large breech, significantly more weight and increased recoil reaction. And this required an increase in the mass of the entire tank as a whole. In addition, the placement of large shots in the closed volume of the tank led to a decrease in the ammunition load.
The situation was aggravated by the fact that at the beginning of 1938 it suddenly turned out that there was simply no one to give an order for the design of a new, more powerful tank gun. P. Syachintov and his entire design team were repressed, as well as the core of the Bolshevik Design Bureau under the leadership of G. Magdesiev. Only the group of S. Makhanov remained free, who from the beginning of 1935 tried to bring his new 76.2-mm semi-automatic single gun L-10, and the team of plant No. 8 slowly brought the "forty-five".

Photos of tanks with names The number of developments is large, but in mass production in the period 1933-1937. not a single one was accepted ... "In fact, none of the five air-cooled tank diesel engines, which were worked on in 1933-1937 in the engine department of plant No. 185, was brought to the series. Moreover, despite the decisions on the highest levels of the transition in tank building exclusively to diesel engines, this process was held back by a number of factors.Of course, diesel had significant efficiency.It consumed less fuel per unit of power per hour.Diesel fuel is less prone to ignition, since the flash point of its vapors was very high.

Even the most advanced of them, the MT-5 tank engine, required reorganization of engine production for serial production, which was expressed in the construction of new workshops, the supply of advanced foreign equipment (there were no machine tools of the required accuracy yet), financial investments and strengthening personnel. It was planned that in 1939 this diesel engine with a capacity of 180 hp. will go to serial tanks and artillery tractors, but due to investigative work to find out the causes of tank engine accidents, which lasted from April to November 1938, these plans were not fulfilled. The development of a slightly increased six-cylinder gasoline engine No. 745 with a power of 130-150 hp was also started.

Brands of tanks with specific indicators that suited the tank builders quite well. Tank tests were carried out according to a new methodology, specially developed at the insistence of the new head of the ABTU D. Pavlov in relation to combat service in war time. The basis of the tests was a run of 3-4 days (at least 10-12 hours of daily non-stop traffic) with a one-day break for technical inspection and restoration work. Moreover, repairs were allowed to be carried out only by field workshops without the involvement of factory specialists. This was followed by a "platform" with obstacles, "bathing" in the water with an additional load, simulating an infantry landing, after which the tank was sent for examination.

Super tanks online after the improvement work seemed to remove all claims from the tanks. And the general course of the tests confirmed the fundamental correctness of the main design changes - an increase in displacement by 450-600 kg, the use of the GAZ-M1 engine, as well as the Komsomolets transmission and suspension. But during the tests, numerous minor defects again appeared in the tanks. The chief designer N. Astrov was suspended from work and was under arrest and investigation for several months. In addition, the tank received a new improved protection turret. The modified layout made it possible to place on the tank a larger ammunition load for a machine gun and two small fire extinguishers (before there were no fire extinguishers on small tanks of the Red Army).

US tanks as part of modernization work, on one serial model of the tank in 1938-1939. the torsion bar suspension developed by the designer of the Design Bureau of Plant No. 185 V. Kulikov was tested. It was distinguished by the design of a composite short coaxial torsion bar (long monotorsion bars could not be used coaxially). However, such a short torsion bar did not show good enough results in tests, and therefore the torsion bar suspension did not immediately pave its way in the course of further work. Obstacles to be overcome: rises not less than 40 degrees, vertical wall 0.7 m, overlapping ditch 2-2.5 m.

YouTube about tanks work on the production of prototypes of D-180 and D-200 engines for reconnaissance tanks is not being carried out, jeopardizing the production of prototypes. "Justifying his choice, N. Astrov said that a wheeled-tracked non-floating reconnaissance aircraft (factory designation 101 10-1), as well as the amphibious tank version (factory designation 102 or 10-2), are a compromise solution, since it is not possible to fully meet the requirements of the ABTU.Variant 101 was a tank weighing 7.5 tons with a hull according to the type of hull, but with vertical side sheets of case-hardened armor 10-13 mm thick, because: "Sloped sides, causing serious weighting of the suspension and hull, require a significant (up to 300 mm) broadening of the hull, not to mention the complication of the tank.

Video reviews of tanks in which the power unit of the tank was planned to be based on the 250-horsepower MG-31F aircraft engine, which was mastered by the industry for agricultural aircraft and gyroplanes. Gasoline of the 1st grade was placed in a tank under the floor of the fighting compartment and in additional onboard gas tanks. The armament fully met the task and consisted of coaxial machine guns DK caliber 12.7 mm and DT (in the second version of the project even ShKAS appears) caliber 7.62 mm. The combat weight of a tank with a torsion bar suspension was 5.2 tons, with a spring suspension - 5.26 tons. The tests were carried out from July 9 to August 21 according to the methodology approved in 1938, with special attention paid to tanks.

Work on the creation of a new tank, codenamed "Armata", which should become the main tank of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, was opened in 2010, along with a message about the termination of work on the "Object-195" (T-95 tank)) from the Ministry of Defense.
The designers of OAO NPK Uralvagonzavod (UVZ) were given a specific task - by 2015 the tank should be on the production line.

One of the possible images of a new generation tank on a single combat platform "Armata".

The unified heavy platform of the "Armata" cipher (often referred to in the press as "Armada") is a promising fourth-generation Russian tracked platform developed by Uralvagonzavod since 2009-2010. On the basis of the Armata Unified Heavy Platform, it is planned to create a main battle tank, an infantry fighting vehicle, a heavy armored personnel carrier, a tank support combat vehicle, an armored repair and recovery vehicle, a chassis for self-propelled artillery mounts, and others. In fact, Armata is a unified interspecific heavy tracked platform for vehicles weighing from 30 to 65 tons, an analogue of the GCV in the United States.

Serial production of new Russian tanks T-14 "Armata" or T-99 "Priority" will unfold in 2015 and until 2020

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation will receive 2.3 thousand of these vehicles.

One of the possible layouts of the tank project "Armata".

The Ministry of Defense of Russia actually refused to purchase T-90 tanks, and in anticipation of the completion of work on the new Uralvagonzavod combat vehicle (the new Russian tank "Armata"), the military department intends to maintain the combat capability of the armored forces by deep modernization of the "best tank of the second half of the twentieth century" T- 72. Russian tankers are invited to wait another three years for the newest tank of the 21st century to enter service.

So far, the Russian Defense Ministry has signed a contract with Uralvagonzavod for the modernization of 170 T-72 main battle tanks worth over six billion rubles.

The technical specifications for the new tank and the Armata family of vehicles are classified. However, an analysis of existing developments and fragmentary information from open sources make it possible to outline a possible version of the future tank.

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Layout
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The drawing of the Russian tank "Armata" was created on the basis of images of a promising modification of the T-90 tank

The purpose of the new Armata vehicle is to create a single undercarriage, engine-transmission unit, chassis controls, a driver interface, a unified complex of on-board electrical equipment, and life support systems that are the same for all army tracked armored vehicles. This level of unification currently has no analogues in weapons systems abroad.

It is also known that a unified interspecific heavy platform has two layout options: a chassis with a front or rear engine compartment (PMTO or ZMTO).

Suspension "Armata" 7-roller, controlled by paddle shock absorbers, differential steering mechanism with hydrostatic transmission (GOP). 12-speed automatic transmission with manual shift option. Controls: steering wheel, gear lever and gas and brake pedals.

The promising Armata tank will definitely have an IMS chassis - this is an information and control system - a "digital board". With its help, start-up and control, diagnostics, adjustments, protection, etc. are carried out. That is, in the event of a breakdown, the electronics will report what is broken and tell you what needs to be done. Combat information and control systems are built on modern digital technologies and solid-state element base of domestic production.

Ammunition in a promising tank is in a special module. This approach to the "storage" of shells increases the "survivability" of the tank, preventing the ammunition from detonating when an enemy shell hits the hull of the tank.

"Armata" will shoot like shells various types(high-explosive fragmentation, armor-piercing sub-caliber, cumulative), and guided missiles ground-to-ground class with optoelectronic, infrared and satellite guidance, as well as surface-to-air anti-aircraft missiles. In fact, this is not a tank, but a universal percussion machine ground forces, which includes a full-fledged tactical missile system, an anti-aircraft defense system, an army reconnaissance and target designation complex and, in fact, a tank.

The promising Armata tank will be equipped with radars of the same technology as the fifth-generation T-50 fighter. According to the terms of reference of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Armata will receive Ka-band radars (26.5-40 GHz) based on an active phased antenna array (AFAR), made using low-temperature ceramic technology.

The body is crammed with video cameras. They allow the crew to observe the circular situation around the tank. If required, the zoom is turned on, and the distant object can be considered in detail. There is the possibility of thermal imaging and infrared vision in any weather conditions day and night.

An active phased array antenna consists of many cells - microwave transmitters. Such an antenna is capable of quickly changing the direction of the location (no mechanical movement of the "dish" of the locator is required) and is highly reliable - the failure of one element does not lead to a significant drop in power and beam distortion. Such a radar in armored vehicles will be indispensable in solving both defensive and offensive tasks. There are two options for its use - as part of a fire control system or as an active protection complex. It includes an antenna that detects weapons flying up to the tank. AFAR will determine the coordinates and parameters of such a threat, and the tank will destroy these targets.

The system is capable of simultaneously "leading" up to 40 dynamic and up to 25 aerodynamic targets - a completely unattainable indicator for all radars in service with other armies. The system will control the territory within a radius of up to 100 kilometers and will be able to automatically destroy targets up to 0.3 meters in size in this territory.

Armor

The new armor steel grade 44S-sv-Sh will be used on the new Russian tank "Armata". The steel was created by the specialists of OAO Research Institute of Steel.

The use of this steel on the promising Armata platform will make it possible to “remove” hundreds of kilograms of weight from the vehicle, where it will also be used not only for armor purposes, but also as a structural material.

The new steel was developed according to the terms of reference of the Ural Design Bureau of Transport Engineering, which is part of the NPK Uralvagonzavod, which acted as a customer. Mining and industrial development fell on the shoulders of one of the flagships of Russian metallurgy - the Volgograd Metallurgical Plant Krasny Oktyabr, which is also part of the structure of Uralvagonzavod ..

Although the hardness of the steel is not less than 54HRC, its plastic characteristics remain at the level of serial steels having a hardness of 45-48HRC. It is this combination that makes it possible to reduce the thickness and, accordingly, the weight of armored structures made of new steel by 15% without reducing the protective characteristics and survivability at low temperatures.

Now 44S-sv-Sh steel has been assigned the letter “O”, it is at the stage of pilot industrial development, at which the developer, the customer, and the manufacturer solve dozens of technical, technological and organizational issues.

The front projection has a multi-layer combined armor protection that can withstand a direct hit by any type of shells existing today - sub-caliber and cumulative.

Power point

The power plant is a single 1200-horsepower diesel turbo piston engine A-85-3A (sometimes referred to as 2A12-3, 12CHN15 / 16 or 12H360) for front- and rear-located MTO. Motor resource not less than 2000 hours. Weight up to 5 tons. MTU volume up to 4 m3. There is a possibility of modernization. In terms of size, weight and power characteristics, the novelty should surpass the best foreign models of motor-transmission units. it should be noted that the rated power of the engine is 1500 hp, up to 1200 hp. a restriction was introduced, which significantly increased the motor resource.

The engine was developed by the Chelyabinsk GSKB Transdiesel, and will be produced at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. Diesel four-stroke, X - shaped, 12-cylinder with gas turbine turbine supercharging and intercooling of air, liquid-cooled engine 12N360 passed the whole range of tests, from resource to running back in 2011.

Diesel four-stroke, X-shaped, 12-cylinder engine 12H360

Specifications engine A-85-3A (12N360) for the promising Russian platform Armata:

Engine type - four-stroke, X-shaped, 12-cylinder with gas turbine turbine supercharging and intermediate air cooling.
Mixing system - direct fuel injection
Engine power without resistance at the inlet and outlet, kW (hp) - 1103 (1500)
Rotation frequency, s-1 (rpm) - 33.3 (2000)
Torque reserve,% - 25
Specific fuel consumption, g/kW*h (g/hp*h) - 217.9 (160)
Weight, kg - 1550
Specific power, kW / kg (hp / kg) - 0.74 (1.0)
Overall power, kW/kg (hp/kg) - 1026 (1395)
Specific gravity, kg / kW - 1.32
Length, mm - 813
Width, mm - 1300
Height, mm - 820

The 12N360 engine is a fully mastered engine, by no means a bench one, it was exactly the same on our promising tanks (object 195), which passed state tests not so long ago. In terms of the power plant, the GI was completed successfully, the engine had no complaints - despite the fact that the tests were very tough.

A gun

Based on reports about the refusal to bring the T-95 tank with a 152-mm cannon to the series, it can be argued that it is planned to equip the new vehicle with a regular main 125-mm gun

Until recently, versions of the well-known 2A46M tank gun were the main domestic cannon. The latest modification 2A46M-5 has a firing accuracy of 15-20% higher, the total dispersion when firing from the move has decreased by 1.7 times. Thanks to improvements, the gun acquired the ability to fire new armor-piercing sub-caliber shells of increased power.

The best Western gun is currently considered the 120-mm L 55 smoothbore gun with a barrel length of 55 calibers of the Leopard-2A6 tank. Compared to the old 120 mm L-44 smoothbore gun, the L-55 barrel length has been increased by 130 cm.

The DM-53 and DM-63 shells used on this gun have very high armor penetration characteristics. And this is despite the fact that, unlike American ammunition, the Germans do not use depleted uranium as a core material.

Of course, when creating a Russian main battle tank based on a heavy unified platform, much attention was paid to ensuring high performance in terms of firepower.

In the 2000s, a new 125 mm 2A82 tank gun was created in Russia. By the fall of 2006, 787, 613 and 554 shots were fired from the prototype and two prototypes at Zavod No. 9, respectively.

The system, with an auto-bonded and partially chrome-plated barrel, is capable of firing both existing and advanced ammunition. In terms of technical level, it surpasses all existing tank guns by 1.2-1.25 times.

The muzzle energy of the 2A82 gun is 1.17 times greater than the best NATO gun - the 120-mm system of the Leopard-2A6 tank, while the tube length of our gun is 60 cm shorter.

Mounting of trunnion clips in the turret with a reverse wedge has been introduced. The rear support of the retractable parts is located in the cage part of the cradle. The mouth of a cradle is extended by 160 mm. In the neck of the cradle, the rigidity of which is increased, there are two additional backlash-selecting devices. Both guide cradles are made as a prism.

These measures made it possible to reduce the average technical dispersion for all types of projectiles by 15% against the table values.

It was decided to modernize the 2A82 gun for "Armata" by lengthening the barrel by a whole meter - up to 7m. To automatically take into account the bending of the bore on the muzzle of the barrel tube, a reflector of the bending accounting device (CUI) is provided.

The digital signal processing adopted in the device ensures the measurement of the required barrel parameters in a wide range of interference and operational impacts. The received data are issued as corrections to the ballistic computer, which improves the accuracy of shooting.

Under this tool, the sweep contour of the AZ was also modified. However, it does not differ much from the standard one.

For new gun 2A82, new ammunition BPS "Vacuum-1" with a length of 900mm was developed. For the 82nd gun, a new "Telnik" was also developed with a detonation on the trajectory and URS 3UBK21 "Sprinter".

Further modernization of both guns and ammunition has already been planned.

The Germans, based on the Rh120L55, are making an electrothermochemical gun (this is the type of throwing). We are moving along the same path at a very fast pace. As part of the research work with the very telling names "Levsha" and "Levsha-M", the first experiments on ETC throwing were carried out. They gave positive results. A decision has already been made to develop this direction using the existing 2A82 type gun.

New ammunition for the 2A82 guns of the T-14 Armata tank successfully passed state tests in 2013 and was accepted for supply.

Their mass production has begun, the first batch was accepted by representatives of the Ministry of Defense in 2013 and sent to the arsenals to form standard stocks.

By the time the main tank of the "Armata" family is put into service, both the standard stocks of ammunition and the current need for combat training will be created.

The production of 2A82 guns is in full swing at the "Plant No. 9" in Yekaterinburg.

Machine gun.

The coaxial 7.62 mm PKTM (6P7K) machine gun is located outside the turret on a separate pastel connected by a parallelogram drive to the gun. Ammunition ready for battle - 1000 rounds. Another 1000 cartridges in tapes are stored in the spare parts box at the rear of the turret.

An additional installation with a 12.7-mm machine gun "Kord" (6P49) is mounted synchronously with the commander's panorama and monitors the stabilization of its mirror vertically, as well as horizontal rotation. Pumping angles - from -10º to +70 degrees. Ammunition ready for battle - 300 rounds in a tape. Another 300 cartridges in tapes are in the spare parts box at the rear of the turret.

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Active protection complex - KAZ.
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Armored vehicles based on this platform will be equipped with the Afganit active protection system - special charges allow you to deal with enemy shells and missiles at close range, no more than 15-20 m. In fact, this is an individual anti-missile and anti-ballistic defense of the tank. It protects the car from impacts, including from the air.

The front hemisphere is covered with active protection. Active protection is located around the entire perimeter of the turret at various levels, which provides tight protection for the most important elements of the tank.

KAZ "Afganit" was developed in the Kolomna KBM. From open sources of information, only the millimeter range of its radar operation, the near line of interception and the maximum interception speed of armor-piercing sub-caliber projectiles are known - 1700 m / s. Nevertheless, it can be assumed that, unlike domestic and foreign predecessors, in "Afganit" for the first time it is planned to use protective ammunition with a warhead of the impact core type, described in Russian patent RU 2263268. The launcher consists of a carriage that rotates in vertical and horizontal planes. Additional targeting of the impact core on the target is carried out using the programmed initiation of one of the fuses located in the form of a matrix on the back side of the warhead explosive block.

Launcher KAZ "Afshanit"

On the one hand, this innovative solution is the most effective for destroying small-sized high-speed armor-piercing sub-caliber projectiles. On the other hand, the use of a compact impact core instead of a spatial stream of fragments requires the radar and the KAZ fire control system to implement more high level accuracy of determining the coordinates, speed and direction of the flight of targets.

Promising active defense systems face an even more difficult task - the interception of high-speed kinetic missiles and impact nuclei with an approach speed of 2500 to 3000 m/s. Based on the best reaction time achieved in the KAZ "Barrier" and equal to 0.001 seconds, then the minimum allowable interception line can be estimated at 4 meters (with a margin). This means that all potentially dangerous shells / rockets / rocket-propelled grenades flying over the roof of the combat vehicle turret below the specified height must be intercepted without fail while approaching the vehicle.

Dynamic protection

On the sides of the tower, three blocks of dynamic protection are installed on each side. The design of the blocks is similar to the dynamic protection blocks developed by OAO NII Stali. The blocks are containers with installed elements of dynamic protection, separated by layers of filler. The blocks are installed permanently, but are equipped with elements of dynamic protection only when the tanks are used for their intended purpose, that is, on the eve of hostilities.

On the fenders to protect the sides of the hull, seven blocks of dynamic protection of a similar design of blocks installed on the tower are installed. Blocks are installed in places that are not blocked by three regular side screens of dynamic protection on each side.

To reinforce the front area of ​​the hull, which is covered by standard dynamic protection screens, an additional dynamic protection unit is attached to each screen, which has smaller dimensions in thickness (stroke). The blocks intended for installation on the sides of the hull are removable, and are equipped only on the eve of hostilities.

The stern area of ​​the tank is protected by lattice screens, which are installed at the stern of the turret and hull.

Blocks of dynamic protection placed on the hull, as well as lattice screens, are installed on the tank only on the eve of hostilities in specific conditions (for example, battles in urban areas). The weight of the protective devices additionally attached to the tank will be about 1 ton, but taking into account the conditions in which tanks with additional protection will be used, it can be said that this will not fundamentally affect the mobility characteristics.

Fire control system.

Aiming complex:

The main gunner's sight is multi-channel with sighting and thermal imaging channels, a laser rangefinder, and a built-in laser control channel.
Enlargement of the sighting channel, multiplicity - 4; 12.
Target recognition range of the "tank" type through the sighting channel, m - up to 5000.
Target recognition range of the "tank" type through the TP channel, m not less than 3500.
The maximum range measured by the rangefinder, m - 7500.
The commander's sight is a combined panoramic sight with television and thermal imaging channels, a laser rangefinder.
Target recognition range of the "tank" type through the TV channel, m up to 5000.
Target recognition range of the "tank" type at night through the TP channel, m not less than 3500.
Sight-understudy with a dependent line of sight.
Target recognition range of the "tank" type, m:
a day at least 2000,
at twilight at least 1000.
Ballistic calculator with a set of sensors for meteorological and topographical conditions and a sensor for accounting for the bending of the barrel electronic digital
The possibility of automatic tracking of targets is provided independently from the gunner's position and from the commander's position with the implementation of the "hunter - shooter" mode.
Armament stabilizer improved two-plane with electromechanical drive GN and electro-hydraulic VN.

TTX promising Russian tank "Armata"

Armored crew capsule - yes
Main gun mm. - 125 (2A82)
Gun ammunition in pcs. - 45
Automatic loader pcs. - 32
Combat rate of fire in min. - 10-12
Target detection range m. - over 5000
Target range m. - 7000-8000
Fire on the move - yes
Commander's panoramic sight - yes
Surround cameras - yes
Aiming and fire control system - yes
Combat control and navigation system - yes
Thermal imager - yes
Mine protection - active
Active Defense - Afghanite
Dynamic protection - yes
HP engine - 1200-2000
Engine replacement hour. - 0.5
Additional power point- there is
Maximum weight t. - 48
Maximum speed km / h - 80-90
Power reserve km. - over 500
Length mm. -
Width mm. -
Height mm. -
Crew - 3
Number of track rollers, pcs. - 7
Armor resistance mm. - over 900

Russia plans to start modernizing its armored and mechanized troops by 2015, Defense Update writes on August 10. A new family of combat vehicles is being created, including the "radical new main battle tank" T-99.

The tank prototype will be ready for testing in 2013, or about 10 months earlier than planned, Russian First Deputy Defense Minister Alexander Sukhorukov said. The new tank is being developed "at Uralvagonzavod in Omsk." Deliveries of the first tanks are scheduled for 2015. A total of about 2,300 main battle tanks are expected to be produced by 2020.

It should be remembered, writes Defense Update, that Russia is planning fighting not only against NATO forces, but of paramount importance are plans to confront radical Islamic countries on the southern borders and the growing power of China in the East. Armored and mechanized troops are the main factor in achieving military superiority or parity against such threats. The level of technology to counter such threats may not be as advanced as against the US and NATO.

According to preliminary data, the new T-99 will be less technologically revolutionary than the "unsuccessful" object 195 (T-95). The T-99 will weigh less and thus be more mobile and less expensive than its "more ambitious predecessor".

Russian industry is also developing the Boomerang family of 8-wheeled armored combat vehicles to replace the BTR-90 armored personnel carriers. In addition, the Kurganets-25 tracked combat vehicle is being developed, which will have a high degree unification with the new tank. On its basis will be developed various models, which will gradually replace the BMP, BMD, MT-LB and other types of tracked platforms.

Work on the Armata project, under which a new main tank for the Russian Armed Forces is being created, began at UVZ simultaneously with the decision of the RF Ministry of Defense to stop the development of another vehicle, the Object - 195 (T-95 tank).

Tagil designers were given a specific task, the machine being created should be ready for mass production in 2015.

So far, no official images of the new car have appeared in open sources. Therefore, I will illustrate the article by posting its possible images, which on various Internet resources for last years there have been quite a few. For example, this one, which has become the most popular (source: ammokor.ucoz.ru).

In a broad sense, within the framework of the Armata project, a single promising heavy platform belonging to the fourth generation is being created. On its basis, it is planned to develop a whole range of combat vehicles: a chassis for self-propelled guns (there is information that the first self-propelled guns on the new platform will be the Coalition-SV), the main battle tank (MBT), a heavy armored personnel carrier, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, etc.

In practice, in the case of "Armata" we are talking about an interspecific unified heavy platform on tracks, which is designed to create combat vehicles, the mass of which lies in the range of 30 - 65 tons. The American analogue of this development can be considered GCV.

Due to the fact that very high expectations were placed on this vehicle, the Ministry of Defense actually abandoned large-scale purchases of T-90 tanks. As part of the work aimed at maintaining the combat capability of existing tank units, the Defense Ministry, taking into account the foregoing, took the path of deep modernization of the T-72 tank.

According to the latest information, very significant disagreements arose between the manufacturer (UVZ) and the customer (MO) regarding the actual performance characteristics of the new tank and its cost. But both sides express the hope that in 2015 they will be able to come to a compromise solution that will suit both sides, and the T-14 will begin to enter the troops in planned quantities before the end of this year.

For obvious reasons, I cannot give exact information about the capabilities of the new machine in this article. All the information below is an attempt to generalize what appears not in the vast expanses of the Internet.

Tank layout

The task that the designers are trying to solve by creating the "Armata" is to create a universal chassis for the entire Russian army, armored vehicles, controls, a motor-transmission unit, a unified complex of electrical equipment, a driver-mechanic interface, LSS, etc. . Such a degree of unification currently has no analogues, either in Russia or abroad.

The unified platform is created in two layout options: with rear and front MTO placement.

The new chassis has a six-roller controlled suspension on bladed shock absorbers, a 12-speed automatic transmission, which has the technical ability to switch it in manual mode, and a differential steering mechanism with a GOP. The controls are represented by: brake and gas pedals, gear lever, steering wheel.

It is planned that the Armata chassis will be equipped with a digital board type IMS, the capabilities of which will allow control and launch, adjustments and diagnostics, protection, etc. It is expected that in the event of any malfunction, the IMS will promptly notify the crew of what exactly is out of order and issue recommendations for troubleshooting.

To place the ammunition in the T-14, a special module is provided, which significantly increases the survivability of the new vehicle, eliminating the detonation of the ammunition when a projectile hits the tank.

It is planned that the ammunition load of the T-14 will include different types ammo:

• Shells: cumulative, armor-piercing sub-caliber, high-explosive fragmentation;
• ground-to-ground missiles with various guidance systems: satellite, infrared, optoelectronic;
• Surface-to-air missiles.

From this point of view, it can be stated that this is not just a tank, but a shock universal combat vehicle for SV, equipped with anti-aircraft system Air defense, a full-fledged tactical missile defense system, a target designation and army intelligence complex, and, in fact, a tank.

It is expected that the T-14 will receive a radar made according to the technologies used to create the PAK FA T-50 radars. The tank will be equipped with radars of the so-called Ka-range (operating at frequencies of 26.5-40 GHz), with active phased array, which are manufactured using the latest low-temperature ceramic technologies.

AFAR consists of very a large number microwave transmitters installed according to the cellular principle, which allows you to quickly change the location direction (since this step does not require mechanical movement of the locator). The antenna array has an extremely high reliability due to multiple redundancy of information channels. One element failing does not have a significant effect on beam distortion and power drop. Being installed on any armored vehicle, such a radar becomes almost indispensable in mission conditions. modern combat(offensive and defensive). There are two options possible application of this radar: the first - as part of the SLA, the second - in the role of KAZ. The antenna is able to detect any means of destruction at a sufficient distance from the tank, determine the degree of threat to the survivability of the vehicle, classify the target, set its coordinates and destroy it.

This system is able to simultaneously track up to 25 aerodynamic and 40 dynamic targets. No other radar has such capabilities. In all the armies of the world. The system allows you to control the area around the tank in a circle with a radius of 100 km. Targets appearing in this space (from 300 mm in size) are guaranteed to be destroyed automatically.