Anti-tank missile system "Metis-M1" (Russia). Ptrk "mestizo": the most powerful of the lightest complexes of anti-tank guided missiles mestizo and bassoon
In 1978, the "Fagot" was supplemented with the light ATGM 9K115 "Metis" (AT-7 Saxhorn) - a means of company subordination, created by the same Tula Instrument Design Bureau.
ATGM consists of TPK with ATGM 9M115 and PU 9P151. PU is assembled on a folding tripod. The sight-aiming device is a periscopic, cranked design with an adjustable eyepiece position and a magnification of 6x, mounted on the left side below the guide. A container with control equipment is placed under the rail. The launcher has guidance handwheels, the trigger mounted on the left side of the launcher is equipped with a flag safety catch. The legs of the PU machine are hinged with clamps.
Anti-tank missile system Metis-M
The container with the 9M115 ATGM is attached to the rail. The ATGM is built according to the aerodynamic "canard" design, has a three-blade folding wing in the tail section, two rudders in the head, a cumulative warhead, a main engine with nozzles on the sides of the rocket, a spinning coil with a wire. Before the ATGM takes off, the container lids are kicked out.
A crew of two people transfers the complex in two back packs weighing 24.5 (a launcher with one ATGM ready for launch) and 19 kg (two ATGMs). Wearable ammunition - 3-4 ATGM In battle, the operator is usually placed in a prone position to the left of the launcher.
ATGM "Metis-M" received a new ATGM 9M116. In 1994, the 9M131 appeared with a tandem warhead. In the equipment compartment in the bow there is a precharge, behind it is the propulsion system, then - the main shaped charge. This separation of charges provides the required focal distance from the main charge to the armor from the moment of detonation. Warhead weight - 5 kg. The firing range increased to 1500 m, armor penetration - from 460 to 850-900 mm. To combat fortifications, manpower in shelters and light armored vehicles, a missile with a high-explosive warhead of thermobaric action (the so-called volumetric explosion) can be used.
A thermal imaging sight "Mulat-115" (1PN86-VI and V1) developed by NPO GIPO was installed on the launcher. The sight operates in the wavelength range of 8-13 microns, has a mass of 5.5-7.5 kg, target detection range of 3200 m, recognition range - 1600 m, field of view 2.4x4.6 degrees, dimensions of the electronic-optical unit 387x203x90 mm. The sight is mounted on the PU swivel on the left-bottom of the hardware unit.
In the stowed position, the Metis-M ATGM is carried in two packs - No. 1 weighing 24.5 kg (PU and ATGM) and No. 2 weighing 28.6 kg (two ATGMs).
The Metis can even be used to fire at low hovering helicopters.
Characteristics of "Metis" / "Metis-M"
Control system - semi-automatic, by wire
PU weight - 10 kg
Maximum firing range - 1000/1500 m Minimum firing range - 40/80 m Average flight speed ATGM - 180 m / s ATGM caliber - 94/130 mm ATGM weight with TPK - 6.3 / 13.8 kg Armor penetration (normal) - 460 / 850-900 mm Length of ATGM with TPK - 740/910 mm Technical rate of fire - 4-5 rds / min Angles of guidance in azimuth - + 20 degrees in a fixed position or ZbO degrees
Elevation guidance angles - + 15 degrees
In the 90s of the 20th century, the Instrument Design Bureau developed the Metis-M wearable anti-tank missile system, which ensures the fulfillment of these requirements and has the best combination of characteristics in its class. ATGM "Metis-M" is a multipurpose defensive and assault weapon that can effectively engage modern tanks, fortifications and other small targets at ranges up to 1500 m, is reliable, simple and easy to use. The high tactical and technical characteristics of the Metis-M ATGM are confirmed by many years of military operation both in the Russian army and in many armies of foreign countries.
However, further modernization of armored vehicles, aimed at increasing its protection (increasing the thickness of the armor, equipping with dynamic protection), as well as increasing the aimed firing range of tank guns, sets the ATGM developers the task of improving their characteristics to increase the firing range and increase the power of warheads. At present and in the near future, the main characteristics of wearable ATGMs should be considered the firing range - not less than 2000 m, armor penetration - not less than 900-950 mm (taking into account the margin for the destruction of the armor space).
In order to improve the main characteristics of the Metis-M complex, KBP JSC carried out its modernization in the following areas:
- the maximum firing range day and night has been increased from 1500 m to 2000 m due to the improvement of the aerodynamic characteristics of the rocket airframe and the implementation of new algorithms in the control system;
- armor penetration, including for DZ, increased from 850 mm to 900-950 mm due to the use of high-energy explosives, while introducing the technology of precision manufacturing of warhead elements;
- the mass of the starting device (PU) has been reduced from 10.5 kg to 9.5 kg due to the use of microprocessor-based element base in the equipment.
The modernization was carried out taking into account the need to ensure the possibility of firing both previously released missiles from modernized launchers, and modernized missiles from previously released launchers. ATGM "Metis-M1" in terms of the combination of combat and operational characteristics is significantly ahead of ATGM "Metis-M" and closest foreign analogues.
ATGM "Metis-M1" is designed to enhance the combat power of company level units, usually armed with only firearms and grenade launchers, which are ineffective against tanks due to low accuracy and short ranges of aimed fire. The complex is wearable and in this sense is the closest to a soldier. Small dimensions and weight of the complex's components make it possible to form compact packs, providing the possibility of transporting it by a crew of three. In addition to personal weapons, the crew carries ammunition from five missiles. The commander of the crew carries a ready shot in the pack (launcher with a missile installed on it), which significantly reduces the preparation time for combat work and allows the crew to enter fighting directly from the march.
In the defensive zone, an infantry battalion, equipped with 80-90 ATGM ammunition, strikes up to 90% of the armored targets of an advancing enemy battalion, reinforced by a tank company and having up to 60 units of armored vehicles. When conducting an offensive by a battalion, for example, at the position of a motorized infantry company reinforced by a tank platoon (13 armored targets), the Metis-M1 ATGM is capable of not only hitting all armored targets, but also significantly help the infantry in the fight against enemy firing points, since the range firing his missiles significantly exceed the mass weapon enemy: machine guns and RPGs. With a direct attack of the 9M131M ATGM into the frontal projection of the target due to a powerful tandem cumulative warhead with an average armor penetration of 950 mm, high level penetrating the frontal armor of all tanks currently in service.
Currently in the armies different countries There are tens of thousands of tanks of various modifications in the world, the main differences of which are the level of protection, composition and thickness of armor, weight, composition of the fire control system, etc. According to the totality of the achieved level of the mentioned characteristics, tanks can be divided into three groups. The results of calculating the probability of hitting three groups of tanks, carried out taking into account the random values \u200b\u200bof the coordinates of the 9M131M ATGM hit, the probabilistic nature of the penetration of armor and the destruction of vital units of the combat vehicle and the crew behind the armor, show that the probability of hitting tanks with dynamic protection ATGM 9M131M on average in the angle in the sector ± 90 ° is: tanks of the 1st group 0.88, 2nd 0.72 and 3rd 0.70. From this it follows that the 9M131 M ATGM provides a level of probability of hitting the most protected tanks of 0.7-0.9, i.e. one or two missiles are required to defeat them.
The results of firing tests showed that the 9M131M and 9M131FM guided missiles of the Metis-M1 complex developed by the KB Instrument Engineering JSC provide a high level of destructive action against targets of various sizes, degrees of vulnerability and mobility. Complex "Metis-M1" is characterized by positive side low flight time of 9M131M ATGM and 9M131FM UR and high secrecy of combat work, which practically leave no chance for potential targets to put optical interference and interfere with the combat mission. Small dimensions and weight allow the infantrymen to constantly carry the Metis-M1 ATGM and autonomously conduct combat operations with the effectiveness of units equipped with large-caliber artillery. In essence, the Metis-M1 ATGM solves artillery tasks, but with much greater efficiency and responsiveness and is nothing more than the high-precision "pocket artillery" of the platoon commander.
On the basis of the Metis-M1 complex, fire support units (three or more launching devices) can be created, solving the problem of suppressing the most dangerous targets. They can be part of an infantry, mountain rifle and airmobile divisions, a separate infantry, a separate mountain rifle and a separate armored brigade, as well as a separate airborne brigade of lightly armed infantry, a separate amphibious brigade and a regiment of troops special purpose... ATGM "Metis-M1" is a highly effective, lightweight, wearable defensive assault weapon capable of fighting modern and promising tanks and other armored targets, fortifications such as bunkers, bunkers, field structures and manpower located in them, in daytime and night conditions at ranges from 80 m to 2000 m.
The optimal combination of small weight and size and high tactical, technical and operational characteristics allows you to equip the complex "Metis-M1" landing troops, infantry and motorized rifle formations to enhance their combat power during large-scale hostilities, as well as special units when conducting counter-terrorist operations. During the modernization, maximum unification between constituent parts ATGM "Metis-M" and "Metis-M1", which will allow in a short time and at relatively low financial costs to improve the tactical and technical characteristics of ATGM "Metis-M", previously supplied to foreign customers. In this case, the modernization can be carried out directly at the foreign customer. Repeated training of specialists (gunners and technicians) is not required to operate the upgraded complexes.
The performance characteristics of the Metis-M1 ATGM
Firing range day and night, m:
- maximum - 2000
- minimum - 80
Rate of fire, rds / min 3-4
Control system - semi-automatic with transmission of commands by wire
Overall dimensions, mm:
- rocket caliber 130
- the length of the container with a rocket 980
Warhead - tandem cumulative, thermobaric high-explosive action
Average penetration of a cumulative warhead, mm 950
TNT equivalent of a high-explosive warhead, kg 6
Missile firing with previously developed missiles of the Metis family - provided
Weight, kg;
- starting device - no more than 9.5
- container with a rocket - 13.8
- thermal sight - 6.5
Packages weight, kg:
- launcher with a rocket - 23.8
- two containers with missiles - 28.6
Aiming angles, city .:
- horizontally ± 30
- vertically ± 5
Application temperature range, degrees С 50
Portable anti-tank missile system 9K115-2 "Metis-M" designed to defeat modern and promising armored vehicles equipped with dynamic protection, fortifications, enemy manpower, at any time of the day, in adverse weather conditions. Created on the basis of the Metis ATGM. The concept of the modernization consisted in maximum continuity in ground-based means and ensuring the possibility of using both the standard Metis 9M115 missile and the new modernized 9M131 missile in the complex.
Taking into account the prospects for growth in the protection of tanks the designers drastically increased the dimension of the warhead, moving from a caliber of 93 mm to a caliber of 130 mm... Significant improvement tactical and technical characteristics was achieved by increasing the mass and dimensions of the ATGM.
The Metis-M complex was developed at the Tula Instrument Design Bureau and was put into service in 1992. Designed to replace the previously created complexes of the second generation "Metis", "Fagot", "Konkurs". In the west, the complex received the designation AT-13 "Saxhorn".
Main characteristics:
- firing range - 80-1500 m
- rocket weight - 13.8 kg
- the average flight speed of the rocket - 200 m / s
- rocket caliber - 130 mm
- TPK length - 980 mm
- PU weight - 10 kg
- temperature range of combat use: from -30 ° С to + 50 ° С
- transfer time from traveling to combat position: 10-20 sec
- armor penetration - 900 mm
- combat crew - 2 people.
The complex includes:
- 9P151 launcher with a sight - a guidance device, guidance drives and a missile launch mechanism;
- thermal imaging sight 1PN86BVI "Mulat-115";
- missiles 9M131, placed in transport and launch containers;
- control and testing equipment 9V12M and 9V81M.
The wings of the 9M131 rocket are made of thin sheets of steel and open after launch under the influence of their own elastic forces. As in the 9M115 Metis rocket, the adopted technical solutions, in particular the placement of the tracer at the tip of one of the three wing consoles, made it possible to abandon the use of gyro devices, on-board batteries and electronic units. During the flight of the rocket, the tracer moves in a spiral, the ground equipment receives information about the angular position of the ATGM and corrects the commands issued via the wire communication line to the rocket controls.
1 - tandem warhead precharge;
2 - semi-open type air dynamic drive;
3 - aerodynamic control surfaces;
4 - propulsion system;
5 - channel for a cumulative jet;
6 - the main charge of the tandem warhead;
7 - wings;
8 - tracer;
9 - coil with wire;
10 - starting engine.
New powerful tandem cumulative warhead The ATGM complex is capable of striking all modern and promising enemy tanks, including those equipped with mounted and built-in reactive armor, lightly armored vehicles, and fortifications. Moreover, a high level of pressure arising during penetration in both axial and radial directions leads to concrete crushing in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cumulative jet passage, breaking of the back layer of the barrier and, as a consequence, a high beyond the barrier effect. Thus, the defeat of manpower located behind objects made of concrete monoliths or in structures made of prefabricated reinforced concrete with a wall thickness of up to 3 meters is ensured.
In order to expand the range of combat use of the Metis-M complex, 9M131F guided missiles are equipped with a thermobaric warhead weighing 4.95 kg with a high-explosive effect at the level of a large-caliber artillery projectile, especially effective when firing at engineering and fortifications. When such a warhead explodes, a shock wave that is more extended in time and space than in conventional explosives is formed. Such a wave spreads in all directions, flows through obstacles, into trenches, through embrasures, etc., striking manpower, even protected by a shelter. In the zone of detonation transformations of the thermobaric mixture, oxygen completely burns out and a temperature develops above 800 ° C.
The launcher placed on a tripod can be equipped with a 1PN86-VI Mulat-115 thermal imaging sight weighing 5.5 kg, which provides target detection at a range of up to 3.2 km and their identification at a range of 1.6 km, which ensured the launch of missiles at night to the maximum range. The dimensions of the thermal imager are 387x203x90mm. The field of view is 2.4 ° x 4.6 °. Battery life is 2 hours. Application temperature range from -40 ° С to + 50 ° С. In order to increase efficiency, a balloon cooling system is used in the sight, which provides an exit to the mode in 8-10 seconds.
The rocket is launched using the starting engine, after which the sustainer solid propellant is launched. The calculation of the complex consists of two people, one of whom carries a pack No. 1 weighing 25.1 kg with a launcher and one container with a rocket, and the other pack No. 2 weighing 28 kg with two containers with missiles. When replacing a TPK with a rocket with a thermal imager, the weight of the pack is reduced to 18.5 kg. The deployment of the complex into a combat position is carried out in 10-20 s, the combat rate of fire reaches 3 rounds per minute.
Along with the main purpose of being used as a wearable complex, the Metis-M anti-tank missile system can also be used to arm BMD and BMP. Shooting can be conducted from prepared and unprepared positions from a prone position, from a standing trench, as well as from the shoulder. Shooting is also possible from buildings (in the latter case, about 2 meters of free space is required behind the launcher).
The 9K115 complex with a semi-automatic projectile control system is designed to destroy visible stationary and moving at different course angles at speeds up to 60 km / h of armored targets at ranges from 40 to 1000 m.The 9K115 complex also allows effective firing at firing points and other small targets.
The complex was developed at the Instrument-Making Design Bureau (Tula) under the leadership of the chief designer A.G. Shipunov and was put into service in 1978.
In the west, the complex received the designation of a rocket AT-7"Saxhorn".
Complex 9K115 "Metis" was exported to many countries of the world and was used in many local conflicts last decades.
Composition
The complex includes:
- guided missile 9М115
- launcher 9P151 (left view, right view, view in the box)
- For maintenance and current repair of the 9P151 starting device, 9V569 control and testing equipment, as well as instruments and equipment of the 9V871-2 control and testing machine are used. The 9F640 simulator is used to train the operators of the 9K115 complex.
The 9M115 missile with a semi-automatic guidance system and a cumulative warhead is built according to the "canard" aerodynamic scheme. The developers of the complex went to the extreme simplification and lightening of the one-time element of the complex - the missile, allowing some complication of the reusable ground guidance equipment. An important reserve for reducing the size, weight and cost of the ATGM was the simplification of the on-board equipment of the control system. As you know, ground-based semi-automatic guidance ATGM determines the position of the missile tracking devices associated with the ground coordinate system. Previously created samples of ATGMs with single-channel control were equipped with gyroscopes that ensure the conversion of control signals from ground guidance equipment into commands formed with reference to the coordinate system rotating with the rocket. The gyroscope was a rather expensive product. The 9M115 rocket is equipped with a tracer mounted on one of the wings. During flight, the tracer moves in a spiral. Ground equipment receives information about the angular position of the ATGM, which makes it possible to appropriately adjust the commands issued to the missile controls via a wired communication line.
In the bow there are rudders with an open-type air-dynamic drive using the air pressure of the incoming flow. The absence of an air or powder accumulator of pressure, the use of plastic casting for the manufacture of the main elements of the drive significantly reduces the cost of the drive in comparison with previously used products.
In the tail section of the rocket, there are three trapezoidal wings. The wings are made of thin, flexible plates. When assembled, they are folded around the body without residual deformations; after the rocket leaves the TPK, the wings are straightened under the influence of elastic forces. To launch the rocket, a starter engine with a multiscale charge of solid fuel is used.
The missile is supplied and operated in a sealed transport and launch container.
Starting device 9P151 folding, is a 9P152 machine, a lifting and turning mechanism, on which control equipment is installed - a 9S816 guidance device and a hardware unit. The launcher has a precise targeting mechanism, which reduces the requirements for operator qualifications.
At present, for shooting at night and in smoky conditions, the complex can be equipped with a 1PN86VI "Mulat-115" ("Falcon" 2) thermal imaging sight, developed by NPO GIPO1, with a range of up to 1.5 km.
The complex, consisting of one launcher and four missiles, is carried in two packs by a crew of two - the crew commander (first number, he is also the senior operator) and the operator (second number). Pack N1 weighing 17 kg with a launching device and one TPK with a rocket, pack N2 - with three missiles in TPK weighing 19.4 kg (see diagram).
Shooting can be conducted from prepared and unprepared positions from a prone position, from a trench, while standing, as well as from a shoulder support. It is possible to shoot from an infantry fighting vehicle or armored personnel carrier and from buildings (in the latter case, about 6 meters of free space at the back is required).
Tactical and technical characteristics
| Complex | |
| Firing range, m | 40 - 1 000 |
| Chance of hitting a tank | 0,91 - 0,98 |
| Number of missiles in the complex | 4 |
| Calculation, people | 2 |
| Transfer time of the 9K115 complex (maximum), s: - from traveling to combat - from a combat position to a traveling position |
12 20 |
| Time from the moment the trigger is pulled to the moment of firing (time of firing a shot), s, no more | 1,5 |
| Guided missile 9M115 | |
| Effective firing range, m: - minimum - maximum |
40 1000 |
| Projectile flight time to maximum range, sec. | 5,6 |
| Average rocket flight speed, m / s | 180 |
| Maximum missile flight speed, m / s | 223 |
| The speed of rotation of the projectile around the longitudinal axis in flight, rev / s | 7 - 12 |
| Projectile control | semi-automatic with a wired communication line |
| The range of temperatures for the combat use of the 9M115 projectile, ° С | ± 50 |
| Projectile dimensions 9M115, mm: | |
| - length | 784 |
| - width | 138 |
| - height | 145 |
| Projectile weight 9М115, kg | 6 |
| Container caliber, mm | 93 |
| Projectile length 9M116, mm | 733 |
| semi-span of the stabilizer console, mm | 187 |
| Projectile weight 9М116, kg | 4,8 |
| Warhead | cumulative |
| Dimensions of the 9Ya55 capping box, mm | |
| - length | 925 |
| - width | 372 |
| - height | 427 |
| Weight of the 9Y55 packing box with four 9M115 shells, kg | 45 |
| Armor penetration, mm: - at an angle of 0 ° - at an angle of 60 ° |
500 - 550 250 |
| Starting device | |
| PU weight, kg | 10,0 |
| Weight of the 9P151 starting device in the 9Ya54 box, kg | 28 |
| Packages weight, kg: | |
| - pack number 1 (launcher with projectile 9M115) | 16,5 |
| - pack number 2 (three projectiles 9M115) | 19 |
| Dimensions of the 9K115 complex (9P151 launcher with 9M115 projectile installed on it): | |
| in firing position (for shooting from a tripod), m: - length - width - height |
0,865 0,4 0,525 |
| in the stowed position, m: - length - width - height |
0,810 0,225 0,360 |
| The 9P151 launcher provides shelling, hail: - horizontally with PU reorientation - vertically with a change in the angle of rotation of the front leg of the PU |
in the circular sector from - 15 to +15 |
| Turning angles of PU by guidance mechanisms, degrees: - on the horizon - vertically |
± 30 ± 5 |
| Technical rate of fire of the 9K115 complex when firing at one target at the maximum range, rds / min | 4-5 |
| Guidance device 9S816 | |
| Magnification, times | 6 |
| Field of view of the sighting channel, degrees | 6 |
| Field of view of a narrow-field direction finding channel, min | 40 |
Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu has decided to adopt the new Metis-M1 anti-tank missile system (ATGM).
According to Izvestia, the decision on the new system has been made since November last year and was finally approved on the eve of Victory Day. Before that, since 2004, the promising system was supplied exclusively for export.
Metis-M1 is the only wearable anti-tank rocket system created in Russia for recent times- Viktor Murakhovsky, editor of the magazine Arsenal of the Fatherland, told Izvestia. - They are classified as "pocket artillery" of an infantry unit operating on the front line of an offensive or defense. However, until recently, the Ministry of Defense was not interested in such weapons. The previous chief of the General Staff, Nikolai Makarov, believed that an ATGM with such a weight and mass of a warhead was not capable of effectively resisting modern armored vehicles.
In other armies, they thought differently, so the "Metis" sold well for export. As Murakhovsky emphasized, the recent military conflicts have changed the idea of \u200b\u200bthe effectiveness of certain weapons systems in a modern conflict. In the same Syria, as noted by Murakhovsky, wearable anti-tank systems are used by thousands and only in 10-15% of cases - by armored vehicles. In the bulk, ATGMs are used against manpower or to destroy enemy fortifications. It is for this reason that Metis is in great demand among foreign customers.
Nowadays, the approach to the use of such weapons is not just changing, - says Viktor Murakhovsky. - The question is generally about changing the class of such systems. These are no longer the usual ATGMs, but multifunctional infantry complexes of wearable high-precision weapons, the name of which has not yet been invented.
Metis-M1 was created in the Instrument-Making Design Bureau (part of the High-Precision Complexes holding) and, according to the expert, occupies a unique niche. In terms of its mass-dimensional characteristics, it is the only systemthat really can be moved around the battlefield without vehicles. Russian ATGMs "Kornet", "Fagot" and "Konkurs" are considered to be conditionally portable due to the weight of the launcher and the container with the missile.
"Metis-M1" is mass-produced, has a low cost in comparison with modern anti-tank systems and is produced using exclusively domestic components, says Murakhovsky. - So there should be no questions with mass deliveries to the troops, - the expert emphasized.
A source in the military-industrial complex told Izvestia that new ATGM can be used both from a stationary launcher in the form of a tripod, and from the shoulder of a soldier - from a prone position, standing. This significantly expands the range of use of weapons. AT new rocket used as a cumulative warhead, designed to destroy lightly armored vehicles, and a new, high-explosive fragmentation, which allows you to destroy infantry on the battlefield, as well as destroy enemy fortifications. Compared to its predecessor, the Metis-M1 has an increased target destruction range. Today it is 2 km.
In Russia, little attention has been paid to the development of wearable ATGMs, ”Ivan Konovalov, director of the Center for Strategic Conjuncture, told Izvestia. - Preference was given to large, expensive systems, aviation, missile weapons, now the situation is changing. All over the world, it is the wearable ATGMs that are developing at a faster pace. Against their background, "Metis-M1" can be attributed to the "2+" generation, while in the West there is already a third, tests of the fourth are underway. At the same time, "Metis-M1" is exactly the product, with the advent of which the new development of the domestic line of wearable ATGMs will begin. It has a very large modernization potential. This is absolutely new system, having in common with its predecessors only in name.
The closest analogue of the Russian Metis-M1 is considered to be the American FGM-148 Javelin produced by Raytheon and Lockheed Martin with a firing range of 2.5 km. This is the world's first serial ATGM with an infrared homing system of the IIR type, which implements the "fire and forget" principle. The disadvantage of the complex in its high price is $ 125 thousand. Another disadvantage is the design flaws that affect combat use... It takes about 30 seconds to lock the target, which in real combat conditions is very difficult to do, as a result of which the target can simply "leave" the sight, - said Konovalov.