As will be used with have to. Modal verb to have to. How to use

I must answer this letter. (\u003d I have to answer this letter.)
   I have to answer this letter.

Forms of the modal verb must:

MUST is used in all persons and can refer to the present and future tenses.

I must   do it now. I have to do it now.
   I must   do it tomorrow. I have to do it tomorrow.

In the past time must   used only in indirect speech.

Negative form: must not (mustn’t).

Interrogative form: must I? etc.

Interrogative negative form: must I not? (mustn’t I?), etc.

Instead of a verb must   verb may be used have to   in the present and future tenses, and in the present and past tenses in colloquial form is used have got to, had got to   etc.

Past tense instead of verb must   the verb is used have   past tense followed by an infinitive with to (had to)   or had got to.

The interrogative form of the have to turn is formed using the auxiliary verb to do, a have got to - by setting the verb have   before the subject.

The negative form of the have to turn is formed using the auxiliary verb to do, a have got to - by stating the negation not   after the verb have.

The special difference in meaning between interrogative forms in the present tense Have I got to?   and Do I have to?   etc., no, but the latter is preferable for expressing habitual actions. There is not much difference between the past tense forms Had I (got) to?   and Did I have to?   etc., however, the latter is preferable.

Future turnaround time   have to   it forms in the same way as the future simple indefinite tense in case of using any other verb.

Why does he have to go there? (\u003d Why has he got to go there?)
   Why should he go there?

I don’t have to go there. (\u003d I haven’t got to go there.)
   I do not need to go there.

We didn’t have to go there with John.
   We did not have to go there with John.

Did he have to go there with her?
   Did he have to go there with her?

Will he have to ask her about it again?
   Will he really have to ask her again?

I shan’t have to go to that place again.
   I won’t have to go there again.

The use of the verbs must and have to

In the affirmative form:

1. Must - to express moral obligation, obligation, imposed by someone or coming from the speaker, as well as internally conscious need.

You must   make your bed yourself.
   You have to make your bed yourself.

Go if you must.
   Go if necessary (if you think necessary).

I must   go immediately.
   I need to go immediately (as it may be too late, etc.).

Have to   - to express a duty, but caused by circumstances.

You will have to   make your bed yourself when you join the army.
   You’ll have to make your own bed when you join the army. ( The army obliges to do this.)

He has to   get up at 7 o ’clock.
   He should get up at 7 o’clock. ( Circumstances force - for example, he studies in the first shift.)

Note:
   For the 1st person, this difference is less significant.
Have tousually used to express a common action, often repeated, turning into a habit.
Must   used to express an extremely necessary, important action.

I have to   be at my office at nine every day.
   I have to be at work every day at 9 o’clock.

We have to   water this cactus twice a month.
   We must water this cactus twice a month.

I must   ring him up at 10. It’s very important.
   I have to call him at 10 o’clock. It is very important.

2. Must   - to express urgent advice or invitation. In such cases, translated into Russian (required) must, (certainly) need.

You must   come and see our new house. It’s so lovely.
   You must come and see our new home. He is so beautiful.

You must   read this article.
   You should definitely read this article.

In interrogative form:

1. Must   and its equivalents have to   and have got to   - to express duty and necessity. At the same time, the equivalents of have to and have got to are more common in these meanings in the question than must, since they do not convey additional shades of reluctance, irritation, etc., characteristic of the use of the verb must, which has the meaning of "must."

Must I go there immediately?
   Do I have to go there immediately?

When does he have to go there? (When has he got to go there?)
   When should he go there?

2. Have to   used more often than must to express an obligation in the future, urged from without.

Shall I have to answer your question? When will you have to do it?
   Do I need to answer your question? When will you need to do this?

3. Have to   and (less commonly) must   used to express a common action, often repeated.

Child:   Must I clean my teeth tonight?
Child:   Should I brush my teeth tonight?

Do you have to wind your watch every day?
   Do you have to start your watch every day?

In negative form, must not or need not is used.

Must not - indicates a ban on action.
   Need not - shows that there is no need to perform an action.

You must not   speak like that to your mother.
   You shouldn't talk like that with your mother.

You mustn’t   miss your lectures.
  You must not miss lectures.

If you have a headache you need not   go to school.
  If you have a headache, you should not go to school.

Answers to a question starting with a verb mustin the affirmative answer is used must, in the negative - needn’t.

Mustn’t   categorical prohibition ( not, should not, prohibited), and therefore this form is characteristic of appeals with a ban on children, expressions of warnings in announcements, etc.

You mustn’t   go there anyway.
   In any case, you can’t go there.

Mustn’t is also used to mean “no” in the negative answer to May ...? (Is it possible ...?).

May I take that pen? - Can I get that pen? -
   No, you mustn’t. No you can not.

2. Must   used to express assumptions. At the same time, notice the difference in the use of structures

must + Indefinite Infinitive and must + Perfect Infinitive

Must + Indefinite Infinitive   used to express probability, the assumption that the speaker believes
   quite believable. This combination translates should probably be   and is used in relation to actions in the present tense.

They must know   his address.
   1. They must (probably) know his address.
   2. They must know his address.

Not must be   in the library now.
   1. He must be in the library now.
   2. He should be in the library now.

Must + Perfect Infinitive   used to express the possibility, assumptions of the same nature, but in relation to the past tense, and also translated should probably be.

They must have known   his address.
   They must have known his address.

They must have forgotten   my address.
   They must have (probably) forgotten my address.

She must have gone   to her parents.
   She must have left for her parents.

Relative pronouns in English are pronouns that form a relative subordinate clause. These include: who, whom, which, whose, that.

We continue to study modal constructions, and today our task is to understand why the combination have to modal verb, and not the usual expression of possession, as many might have thought. The fact is that the English have carries a lot of contexts, for which both meanings and grammar rules differ. We will try to clearly distinguish between the scope of use and grammar standards for each case. To begin with, let’s repeat the main meaning of have, and then move on to the development of the modal design: consider its functions, methods of education and examples of sentences. Let's get started!

The main application of this verb is the designation of belonging, possession, possession, translated into Russian by the phrase " he has smth.», « havesmth.". With its help, they indicate features of appearance, capabilities, the presence of certain objects and properties. Such combinations have been practiced from the very first English lessons. Students will gradually learn that the verb to have in the English language has for the present tense 2 forms have / has (3 persons singular), and for the past and the future one by one: had and will have.

• They have   got   a   big   fruit   garden   - They have a big orchard.
• She hasgot   three apartments in Manchester -Atherthere isthreeapartmentsinManchester
• I have   a new waterproof watch -I have a new waterproof watch.
• He had   a good umbrella, but he lost it -Athimwasgoodumbrella,butitlosthis.
• I had   dark   hair   but   I   dyed   it   - I had dark hair, but I dyed it.
• We will   have   another   car! - We will have another car!
• She will   have   a   new   job   next   month   “She will have a new job next month.”

Verb have   and combination have   got   carry the same semantic load, and differ only in the established tradition of use. The British prefer to build phrases with have   got, and Americans with simple have. However, the combination with got is typical only for the present. In other cases, it has the usual forms had   and will   have.

Differences also arise in the construction of questions and negatives. Have   got   can create them yourself, and have   only with helper do.

• Has   she gotfair hair? -Atherbrighthair?
• Does   he have   my phone number? -Athimthere ismynumberthe phone?
• Do   you have   a red pen? -Atyouthere isreda pen?
• Havethey got   this book? -Atthemthere isthisbook?

The future and past tense will be the same for both types of verbs.

• Willshe havea new motorcycle? -Atherwill benewmotorcycle?
• Did   we have   a   big   your own   library? - Did you have a large library of your own?

The same rules apply to negatives.

• He doesn ’T   have   his   own   house   - He does not have his own home.
• You haven’t got   such wonderful flowers! -Atyounotsuchwonderfulcolors!
• I didn ’T   have   so   much   money   “I didn't have that much money.”
• She didn ’T   have   a   red   dress   “She didn't have a red dress.”
• We won ’T   have   a   new   flat   - We will not have a new apartment.
• I won ’T   have   time   for   that“I won’t have time for this.”

In addition, the verb have is part of many stable expressions, denoting a certain action in them.

• We will have a dinner   at 6 o’clock -wewill besupper at 6hours.
• I had   a headache   yesterday   - I have yesterday headache.
• Waiter i will have a glass of wine – Waiter,ii will drink glass the fault.
• She has   a   talk   with   her   friends   - She talking   with your friends.

Denoting an action (but not a state!), Have is also used in the form of a continuum.

• I am having lunch   now -Inowhaving lunch.
• She was having a shower   at that moment -INthat onemomentshetook shower.
• He will be having a walkin the city at this time tomorrow -Tomorrowinthis istimeitwill be walk around byto the city.

We also note that have is an auxiliary verb for the formation of all aspects of the perfect group. More details on this point can be found in the relevant articles.

Have to modal verb

The use of the verb to have to distinguish immediately from the use of the verb to have to as a modal construction

In combination, have to a modal verb denotes necessity, duty, forced measures. It is an analogue of must, and even replaces it with its past form. However, there is some difference in semantic meanings: must is what needs to be done by an independent decision, and have to is what is done under pressure of circumstances.

Types of predicates

Constructions with this modal word can be used in all forms of time: past, future and present.

As in semantic meaning, the present tense is formed by two types of predicate: has to for the third person singular nouns and pronouns, and have to for other persons. After the modal assistant, the infinitive of the main verb is placed. The generalized scheme will have the following form:

My   brother (1) has   to (2) clean (3) his   room (4) – My brother will have to clean his room.

• Children have   to   go   to   their   granny’S   birthday   party   - Children need to go to their grandmother's birthday celebration.
• I have   to   finish   this   report   by   Thursday   “I need to finish this report by Thursday.”
• She has   to   read   the   Dead Souls   by   the next   lesson   “She should read Dead Souls for the next lesson.”

In statements that have past or future tense, the predicates will be the same for all forms.

• We had   to   write   him   the   letter   - We had to write him a letter.
• She had to   wash   the windows -Sheforced towasto washwindow.
• Probably, you will   have   to   go   to   Kenya   this   weekend   “You may have to go to Kenya this weekend.”
• He   say   that   he will   have   to   meet   his   relatives   from   Moscow   tomorrow   - He says that he will need to meet relatives from Moscow tomorrow.

Creating questions and negatives for the have to verb requires the participation of auxiliary verbs. Consider their formation and application using the table.

Interrogative sentences
The present	Past	Future
Do / does (3l.) ... have to ....? Do   you have to learnthe verse? Do you need to learn this verse? Does   he have to answer   all these questions? Does he need to answer all these questions?	Did ... have to ...? Did   they have to pay   for all things? They areforced towereto payeverythingthings? Did   she have to live   with her husband’s parents? Was she forced to live with her husband's parents?	Will ... have to ...? Will   we have to make   the report next month? Will we need to report next month? Will   he have to pick up   the children from school tomorrow? He will need to pick up children from school tomorrow?
Negative offers
Present	Past	Future
... don’t / doesn’t have to ... I don’t have to go   to the office. I don’t have to go to the office. She doesn’t have to cook   supper for guests. We will go to a restaurant. She doesn’t have to cook dinner for the guests. We will go to a restaurant.	... didn’t have to ... We didn’t have to do   that exercise. We did not have to perform this exercise. He didn’t have to   wash the car. He didn’t have to wash the car.	... won’T   have   to… We won’t have to go   to the gym. There will be room with gym equipment in our new house. We won’t have to go to the gym. In our new house there will be a room with exercise machines. She won’t have to buy   potatoes tomorrow. She won’t have to buy potatoes tomorrow.

Please note that negative sentences, unlike must, are not a ban, but an indication that there is no need to perform these actions.

Use cases

According to grammatical norms, the modal verb have to is used in English in several contexts.

1) To indicate a necessary need, i.e. the person is obligated, forced or forced to perform the indicated actions. This is the main purpose of this design.

• We have   to   watch   this   boring   film - We are forced to watch this boring movie.
• On the last camping trip, he had to   call   his parents every two hours -INthe lasttrip, he had to call his parents every two hours.
• I will   have   to   sign   the agreement   next   Wednesday “I will have to sign an agreement next Wednesday.”

2) In a certain situation, this construction may have the value of assumptions, conclusions. True, in most cases, the British prefer to use must for these purposes.

• It has to be   Pamela’s jacket. It   smells   of   her   perfume “It must be Pamela's jacket.” She smells of her perfume.
• They are so elegantly dressed. They have to have been   at the theater -They aresoelegantlydressed!They must have been in the theater.

3) In addition, this combination allows you to give advice or recommendation, try to convince the interlocutor to perform these actions or take part in the events.

• They have to listen   a new album of the Offspring. They   will   like   it! “They should listen to the new Offspring album.” Themlike it!
• You have to go   to the dream! There are so wonderful desserts at this café! -Youshouldto goin "A dream. "This cafe has such wonderful desserts!
• Your husband has   to take partin the competition. He   will   definitely   win   it! - Your husband should participate in this competition. He will definitely win it!

Here is such a multi-valued and varied verb have in English! We hope you have acquired all its meanings, and now you will never confuse the semantic, auxiliary and modal have. See you in new classes!

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The system of English verbs is significantly different from Russian. Often you can hear: “English is so complicated! And modal verbs are something from the realm of fantasy. ” In fact, there is nothing complicated in them: you need to carefully look at them.

In this article we will deal with one such verb - “have to”.

Temporal forms of the verb have to

The have to modal verb can be used in the present, past and future tenses. The table shows in detail the formation of different forms of the verb.

  Present Simple

Examples of the use of the have to modal verb in Past Simple

Alan had to wait for a long time. Alan had to wait a long time. Our class didn "t have to plant trees. Our class did not need to plant trees. Did you have to wear uniform at school? Did you have to wear a uniform at school?

Examples of using the have to modal verb in Future Simple

They will have to prepare a project. They prepare a project. My brother won "t have to walk the dog. My brother won't have to walk the dog. Will Ann and John have to take maths exam? Will Anna and John have to take a math exam?

Examples of the use of the have to modal verb to express necessity

They have to wear uniform. (The school has such a rule) They must wear uniforms. (There is a school rule) Peter had to read two books a week. (To prepare for the exam) Peter had to read two books a week. (To prepare for the exam) I’ll have to water my mother’s flowers during two weeks. (My mother won’t be at home, so I will do it instead of her) I will have to water my mother’s flowers for two weeks. (She will not be at home, and I will do it instead of her)

Examples of using the modal verb have to express confidence

It has to be Michael’s car. I saw photos of his car. This is probably Michael's car. I saw photos of his car. That has to have been Sara. They said she was slim and tall. Most likely it was Sarah. They said she was slim and tall.

negative form

Examples of the use of the negative form of the modal verb have to

You don’t have to read that book. You don't have to read that book. John doesn’t have to take chemistry exam. John did not need to take a chemistry exam. They won’t have to pay for dinner. They do not have to pay for lunch.

Important!

if a sentence uses a negative adverb or pronoun, such as never, then the particle not is not used. With one verb there can be only one negation:

Allan never has to think about job. Alan never has to think about work.

Watch the video

It has a very wide application both independently and in conjunction with other words. In addition, there are many overlapping areas with other similar verbs.

Need to vs. have to

To talk about the need to do something, you can use the verb need to.

You might need to see a doctor.

A number of questions need to be asked. A certain number of questions must be asked.

And in contrast, don’t have, don’t need to, haven’t got to or needn’t to express the lack of need to do something.

Many women don’t have to work. Many women do not have to work.

You don’t have to learn any new typing skills. You don’t have to learn any new typing skills.

You don’t need to buy anything.

I haven’t got to go to work / I don't have to go to work.

I can pick John up. You needn’t bother / I can toss John. You don’t have to bother.

In order to express permission to someone not to do anything, needn’t is used.

You needn’t say anything if you don’t want to / You don’t have to say anything if you don’t want to.

You needn’t stay any longer tonight. You don’t have to stay longer tonight.

To clarify that someone did something that was not necessary to do at all, need not have or needn't have been used and Often such a design appeals to cases where, at the time the action was taken, the performer himself did not suspect that there was no need in the commission of such.

I needn’t have waited until the game began. I did not have to wait until the game started.

Nell needn’t have worked. Nel didn't have to work.

They needn’t have worried about Reagan. They did not have to worry about Reagan.

If the performer at the time of the action knew that there was no need for the action, then it would be more appropriate to say didn’t need to. Such a clarification is explained by the fact that in the present tense we have in mind a hypothetical necessity in general, and in the past tense it is meant a specific action, committed without necessity.

They didn’t need to talk about it / They shouldn't have talked about it.

I didn’t need to worry. I didn’t need to worry.

Also, with the difference that when didn’t need to, the speaker is not sure whether the incident actually took place until he receives additional information, for this you could use didn’t and the modal verb have to. Examples:

He didn’t have to speak. He didn’t have to speak.

Bill and I didn’t have to pay / Bill and I did not have to pay.

Must vs. have to

Must, have to are sometimes used interchangeably. So, the verb have comes to the aid of must in the past tense, if you need to focus on something that should not have happened in the past. You can replace must with It was necessary, It was important not to, had to make sure, had to make certain and the like had to, the modal verb in conjunction with them means "it was important / necessary", or "important / necessary make sure".

It was necessary that no one was aware of being watched. It was absolutely essential that no one suspect that he was being watched.

You had to make sure that you didn’t spend too much. You should make sure that you did not spend too much.

We had to do our best to make certain that it wasn’t out of date / We had to do everything in our power to make sure that it was not outdated.

It was important not to take the game too seriously. It was important not to take the game too seriously.

Should and ought vs. have to

Should and ought can be used to talk about moderate necessity, that is, the feeling of necessity is not as strong as if we used must.

Should and ought are very common in spoken English. Should, being a truly modal verb, requires the use of the subsequent verb in basic form. And ought requires a to-infinitive. Denial with these verbs looks like should not, shouldn’t, ought not, oughtn’t and means that there is a moderate need not to do anything.

There are three cases in which should, ought is put:

1) When it comes to the performance of any positive or correct action.

We should send her a postcard. / We must send her a postcard.

2) When you want to advise someone to do something or not to do.

You should claim your pension 3-4 month before you retire. / You must apply for retirement 3-4 months before leaving.

3) When you express your point of view or ask someone else's opinion. Moreover, in order to start a sentence, the following are often used: I think, I don’t think, or Do you think.

I think that we should be paid more. / I think we should pay more.

Try to distinguish between cases where should, ought and the modal verb have to are used. The exercises below contain omissions, fill them out:

We _______ spend all the money. / We do not have to spend all the money.

He ______ come more often. / He should come more often.

You ______ see him again. / You should not see him again.

You ______ use a detergent. / You should not use detergent.

You ______ get a new TV. / You need a new TV.

You ______ marry him. You should not marry him.

I don’t think we ______ grumble. / I do not think we should complain.

Do you think he ______ go? / Do you think he should not go?

What do you think we ______ do? / What do you think we should do?

To say that in the past there was a moderate need to do something, but the action was not completed, the following are used: should have or ought to have with the past participle. For example, if I should have given him the money yesterday, it means that there was a moderate need to transfer money yesterday, but the money was not transferred.

I should have finished my drink and gone home. / I had to finish my drink and go home.

You should have realized that he was joking. / You should have understood that he was joking.

We ought to have stayed in tonight. / We should have stayed that night.

They ought to have taken a taxi. / They should have called a taxi.

If you want to say that it was important not to do something in the past, but nevertheless it was done, should not have, ought not to have. For example, if it says: I should not have left the door open, it is understood that it was important that someone did not leave the door open, but the door nonetheless remained open.

I should not have said that. / I should not have said that.

You should not have given him the money. / I should not have given him money.

They ought not to have told him. / They should not have told him.

She oughtn’t to have sold the ring. / She should not have sold the ring.

Had better

To indicate a moderate need to do something in a particular situation, had to was used. In this case, the modal verb loses to and is added better, forming a had better, accompanied by a verb in the basic form. Also, had better can be used to give advice or to express one’s point of view on any issue. Although usually placed immediately after had to, the modal verb and not in this case are better separated. The negative form looks like had better not.

I think I had better show this to you now. / I think it's better to show you this now.

You’d better go tomorrow. / You better go tomorrow.

Although had better resembles in form it is never used for moderate necessity in the past. Moreover, the correct form is always had better (they do not say have better).

I’d better not look at this. / I better not look at that.

Thus, in the range of values, there are many separate semantic units, which far from always behave according to the general logic. For example, had to (the modal verb have to in II form) does not always indicate the past tense.

Modal verbs are verbs with the help of which we can express our attitude to an action (necessity, obligatoriness, possibility or probability). Let's look at one of the modal verbs - the verb ‘ haveto ’, which is used in English to express the need to perform an action or the obligation to carry it out due to any circumstances.

CONSUMPTION OF THE MODAL VERB ‘HaveTO ’AND ITS VALUES

It is important to say that the have to modal verb can be used at any time:

I have to   work from 8 am to 5pm.

I have to work from 8am to 5pm.

Yesterday I had to   go to the doctor.

Yesterday I had to go to the doctor.

I "ll have to   fix my car, it "s broken again.

I need to fix the car, it broke again.

I haven "t had   to to go to the dentist for 2 years.

I haven’t been to the dentist for two years (I don’t have such a need).

Note that the have to modal verb forms interrogative and negative forms in the same way as regular verbs, with the help of auxiliary do, does, did. In negative form, the modal verb have to has the meaning NOT NEEDED.

I don "t have to   get up early, because I don "t work tomorrow.

I don’t need to get up early, I don’t work tomorrow.

The bus wasn "t late, so I didn "t have to   wait.

The bus was not late, so I did not have to wait (it was not necessary).

Do   you have to   work late every day?

Do you need to work late every day?

Did   she have to   wait for a long time?

Did she have to wait long?

We can use ' have got to ’   instead of have to, since these modal verbs are interchangeable. The main difference between ‘have to’ and ‘have got to’ is that ‘ have to’Is used to express a constant or habitual need, and‘ have got to ’   used to express a single need:

I have to finish my work at 6 p.m. every day.

Every day I need to finish my work at 6 pm.

I have got to   finish my work at 5 o’clock tomorrow.

Tomorrow I need to finish my work at 5 o’clock.