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Lions have been idolized since ancient times, giving them different characteristics. First of all, their strength and ferocity were valued, they were revered as invincible fighters. In the same Ancient Egypt the image of a lion on flags, coats of arms and emblems symbolized the power of the pharaohs. It is known that these animals never attack without a reason, if there is no threat to their life. However, the king of animals can be aggressive, defending his right to prey, a female, or a pride territory.

prides

Pride is a family group. Lions prefer life in a team and are rarely alone. The size of the group of these predators is not always the same. It ranges from four to forty individuals. Of the entire cat family, only lions live and hunt in groups. A pride of lions usually includes several females with cubs, young males and only one leader. At the same time, the head of the pack is not always the strongest or largest male. But the entire pride of lions recognizes his authority and obeys him. Sometimes the leader kicks young males out of the group. In the future, they can join another group or create their own pride.

How is the life of a pride of lions?

These animals are very sociable, and often the group can reach a number of forty individuals. The basis of any such team are lionesses. They raise offspring under the protection of the entire pride. What is remarkable - lion cubs can suck milk not only from their mother, but also from any other female who has recently given birth to cubs. Lionesses raise offspring together and do not divide cubs into friends and foes.

All members of the pride are very attached to each other and often show tender feelings, which are expressed in licking each other or rubbing their cheeks when they meet. As in any family, there are small skirmishes, but they are mainly due to the division of booty.

Power in prides

Any pride of lions, the photo of which can be seen in this article, has only one leader, to whom all power belongs. This is an adult male that dominates the pack. He has the right to be the first to mate with lionesses and start eating prey. But the leader also has his own duties - to look after the cubs while their mothers are on the hunt, to protect the flock from strangers and any dangers.

A pride of lions usually contains no more than three adult males, as young predators, growing up, can begin to challenge the supremacy. If they lose, they are expelled from the pride. For some time they lead a lonely life, and then create their own family group or join another pack.

How do lions hunt?

Lions hunt in groups, together pursuing one chosen prey. They can develop great speed only at short distances. They prefer to hunt down prey, get as close to it as possible. And it's mostly the females that hunt. This is due to the fact that lionesses are less visible than males, more agile, so the likelihood of catching prey increases several times.

Often females surround the herd from different sides and pounce on the nearest animal. Lionesses try to attack with one powerful jump, breaking the cervical vertebrae with their jaws or strangling the victim. Even one fatal blow with a paw is enough for small animals. Females provide food for the entire pride of lions, so their main prey is still large ungulates (buffaloes, zebras, antelopes, etc.). Males usually do not take part in the hunt, with rare cases when the prey comes across very large. Often lions prefer to fight off sick and weak animals or cubs from a herd. With such prey it is easier to manage and hunting does not take much effort and time.

Mating season for lions

A lion caring for a female is very attentive to her. mating season begins with a lioness in heat. Until the female becomes pregnant, this period is repeated every 3 weeks. The resulting pair leaves the pride of lions for about five days or a week, leaving for a secluded place. At this time, they are inseparable and are always nearby. Sometimes the "honeymoon" lasts even more than two weeks.

Mating occurs several times a day. A lion can copulate 70 times in 24 hours. The recovery period between mating is an average of twenty minutes. Usually everything happens quietly and quickly, except when the male in ecstasy begins to growl and pats the lioness by the scruff of the neck. At this time, a lion can sometimes miscalculate its bite force and, in a moment of passion, inadvertently kill his girlfriend.

Pride territory

The territory on which a group of any animals lives is almost always marked by them. So do lions. A pride of lions sprays the borders of its territory with secretions from the anal glands, accompanying this action with a loud roar. This is done to protect the females of the flock and to legitimize the site on which they will hunt. But, nevertheless, lions do not patrol the established boundaries very vigilantly.

If there is little prey in the territory, then the pride's possessions can be expanded up to 15 km in all directions. Conversely, if there is enough food for the flock in a smaller area, then the boundaries are reduced. Young males can conquer the territory of the pride only by force. And lionesses will not allow a strange female into their flock if she tries to join their group.

Pride is a lion family

Pride is a family of lions. Several lionesses with children and a couple of lions. There are prides, consisting of about forty individuals. These are the most numerous. But usually there are 10-12 lions in a pride: lionesses, kittens and lions. Prides are women's associations, and most often related. They are created by lionesses to protect offspring. The lions just join them. Among the lions - one leader. He has the right to be the first to profit from the victim of a successful hunt, the first to defend the territory of the pride, the first “groom” in the pride.

“Lions do not pick fights with other animals and rarely fight each other seriously. Even during estrus, seeking the favor of a beautiful lioness, lions almost never stoop to a fight with an opponent. Instead, they quite sensibly leave the choice to the lioness, and the rejected cavalier goes in search of another mate, or he can wander around and wait his turn, for lions are supporters of polygamy and the lioness usually has nothing against friendship with several lions, whom she love in turn. And a lion can start a harem or share one lioness with another lion. That's why you can find a group of a lion and three lionesses, or two lionesses and four lions, and almost any combination. Often two same-year-old lions have a close friendship, and they hunt and live together for a long time. Of course, there are also cases of deep affection between a lion and a lioness ”(L. Kotlow)

Usually, young lions at the age of 2.5 years leave the pride, so as not to claim the championship in it. They live alone or in small teams (up to seven lions) for 2-3 years. And since sooner or later the lion needs to get into the pride, it is easier to capture it with a team, and then protect it.

The pride owns the territory in which it hunts and protects it from other lions. The most authoritative lion of the pride marks its borders with a mixture of urine and secretions of the anal glands, and any lion who approaches his land knows where the border is.

Young lone lions are not burdened with feeding their cubs and taking care of the territory, so they eat better and sooner or later conquer the territory for themselves, which hosts one or even several prides of lionesses. The first thing a lion does when he captures a pride is to kill all the cubs. Lionesses, as a rule, are not able to interfere with them, and only cubs older than a year have a chance of salvation. A lioness who has lost her cubs starts estrus in 2-3 weeks and she will soon give birth from a new leader. Killing cubs is a necessity, because otherwise the new leader would have to wait at least two years for his own offspring, and despite the fact that the leader of the pack (pride), as a rule, is replaced every 2-4 years, he would not have time to raise his own cubs

“...our car almost crashed into a group of lions basking in the sun. All of them - a lion, three lionesses and a lion cub - raised their heads, looked at us carefully, but did not move ... The lions watched our approach, but it did not seem to excite them ... We stopped fifteen feet from the lions. The lions continued to lie quietly and indifferently contemplate us - everything except the lion cub, which growled furiously at the car. The rest didn't seem to be interested in us at all; after we stopped, they lowered their muzzles, and one lioness, lazy and careless, closed her eyelids and dozed off. Her friend lay at a distance and could not see us properly. She got up and moved towards us, though not deigning to look at us. The lioness passed by without paying the slightest attention to us, and disappeared into the bushes. Cheered up, I ordered the driver to bring the car very slowly close to the lions. We were within four feet of the nearest lioness. I lowered the glass and aimed the lens directly at the lioness. When the buzzing of the apparatus was heard, she lifted her muzzle and squinted slightly, as if surprised at what was happening. Her gaze was calm and friendly, although it betrayed some wariness, and she seemed to be smiling softly. After filming the lions on film, I took out the "watering can" and took a few more shots. Eventually the lion got up and walked towards the bushes, the others following him. They all left with a disdainful look ”(L. Kotlow)

Pride is a lion family. Several lions and a couple - a trio of lionesses with children. In nature, you can find prides consisting of 30 - 40 individuals, but these are the most numerous. As a rule, in a pride there are 8 - 10 lions: lions, kittens and lionesses. Prides are essentially female forms of the pack, in most cases of a related nature. They are united under their command by lionesses to protect their children. Lions just join the pride. Among the lions there is only one main (leader). He is the very first groom", is the first to rush to protect his "family" from the threat, has full right the tidbit after a successful hunt.

"In fact, lions in very rare cases start a fight with other animals first and almost never fight among themselves. Even during heat, trying to get an answer to their feelings, they never fight with rivals. Instead of a quarrel, they leave the right of the final choice to the lioness, and the rejected "groom" can go for a walk in the savannah, waiting for his turn, or try to find another girlfriend for himself, because by their nature, lions are supporters of polygamous relationships and, as a rule, the lioness does not mind "twist love" with several partners at once, whom she pleases in turn. And the lion may well start his own harem, or share another lioness with an opponent. Therefore, there is nothing surprising in the fact that in nature there are groups of four lions and two lionesses or one lion and three lionesses, and in fact there can be many such combinations. Often 2 lions born in the same year can be connected by deep friendship and they live and hunt together for a long time. There have also been cases of great affection between a lioness and a lion."(L. Kotlow)

As a rule, young lions leave the family (pride) by the age of two and a half, so as not to fight for the championship. They are for a long time about two - three years live and hunt alone, or in small teams (no more than seven lions). And since sooner or later the lion needs to return to its pride, it is much easier to capture and then protect the team.

The pride controls the area being hunted and tries to drive other prides out of it. The leader must mark the area of the pride's possessions with the help of urine and secretions from the anal gland. And every lion that comes close to this place understands perfectly well where someone else's territory begins.

Lonely young lions are not responsible for the cubs and the protection of the territory, because of this their food is much better, and in the end they win back a site for themselves on which one or several prides of lionesses feed. First of all, when the pride is captured, all cubs are destroyed and the lionesses cannot oppose anything to this, and only babies older than a year old can be saved. The lioness, in which all the cubs were killed, after two or three weeks, estrus begins and after a while she will give birth from a new leader. Killing other people's children is a necessity, otherwise you will have to wait about two years to acquire your own offspring, and this despite the fact that the leader of the lion family (pride) changes every two to four years, so the likelihood that he will have time to raise his own children is practically equals zero.

"...our car nearly hit a pride of several lions that lay down freely in the sun. All of them - a lion cub, three lionesses and a lion looked at us attentively, but did not even think to get out of this place ... Although the lions saw the car approaching, it did not seem to bother them at all ... Five meters from the flock, we slowed down. The lions still lay lazily and looked at us in a detached way - everything except the cub, which bared its teeth and growled loudly at the car. Adult lions did not seem to be interested in us at all, they lowered their muzzles that were raised, and one of the lionesses even closed her eyelids and seemed to doze off. Her comrade-in-arms settled down a little further and seemed unable to see us. She got up and slowly walked towards us, although not looking in our direction. However, the lioness passed very close to us and did not seem to pay any attention to us. Reviving, I asked the driver to drive right up to the lions' camp.

We stood at a distance of about a meter from the nearest animal. I wanted to take a few shots and, lowering the glass, pointed the camera straight at the lioness. There was a barely audible buzzing and she again raised her head and narrowed her eyes a little, looked at me in surprise. Her gaze was full of friendliness and calmness, although some confusion could be seen in it, and it seemed to me that the cat smiled at me slightly. I had a desire to take some photos, I took out a "watering can" and photographed this luxurious animal. In the end, apparently she got tired of us and she got up and headed towards the nearest bushes, and the rest leisurely trotted after her. Their whole appearance expressed complete indifference and contempt for us."(L. Kotlow)

Pride

Pride(English) Pride) - a family flock of lions and primates.

Lions are carnivorous mammals and live in family groups - prides.

A pride consists of one or more adult males (usually no more than 3), several mature females (a harem of females) and their cubs (lion cubs of both sexes). The number of pride can reach 30-40 animals. The prides are always dominated by lions - alpha males. The functions of males include only reproduction and protection of the territory, including from other males. Hunting and education (training) of cubs is carried out mainly by lionesses. All lionesses are related to each other. Young males are expelled from the pride upon reaching puberty. Females leave the pride very rarely.

The hierarchy in the pride is weakly expressed, with small prey the male eats first, usually he allows the cubs to eat with him. Equality reigns among lionesses, while nursing lionesses also feed other people's cubs. When hunting, lionesses act together, which allows them to get even very large animals weighing about a ton. Since the pride moves around its territory all the time, pregnant lionesses leave it before giving birth to find shelter and return to the pride in a month and a half to two months.

Pride protects aged and sick lionesses for a long time, for example, if a lioness cannot hunt due to injuries received in the hunt, then she is allowed to eat.

Lion cubs in the pride, as a rule, are the children of the currently dominant male. In the event that the male is expelled by a stronger competitor, the new leader seeks to destroy the living kittens in order to persuade the females to new mating.

A pride-controlled hunting area can cover an area of several tens of square meters. km.

Notes

Links

Public lifestyle increases the stability of the "predator-prey" system

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