Organization of sports games and sports exercises in the conditions of dhow. Sports games as a means of education in children of preschool age a positive attitude to sport (Coursework)

“The sea is worried” and others like them, it’s recommended to use the storyline when explaining. For example, in the afternoon butterflies, bugs, insects, animals move: fly, jump, crawl. Night falls and all animals and animals fall asleep in the sow that their night caught. In the game “Make a figure” it is proposed to come up with individual and collective figures according to the subjects: “Athletes”, “Sculptor”, “Menagerie” and others with and without objects. At the same time, an important place is given to the promotion of children who come up with an unusual figure, who beautifully and figuratively performed it. Children who overcome uncertainty, shyness and expressive movements are especially encouraged.

In assessing a child, his own achievement, his manifestation of awareness and creativity, is taken as a reference point. It should be noted that everyone can and should come up with their own movement, a game image, reflecting in it their individuality, originality. Children can be involved in evaluating assignments. They are able to analyze who is better, more interesting, more accurately conveys the image in motion. The expressiveness of movement, the poetry of the gesture, its spirituality play an important role in understanding the movement, the imagery of its reproduction.

The best use of children's motor experience (when learning physical exercises) is facilitated by the formation of a creative orientation of children's activities when learning physical exercises in outdoor games.

The psychocorrectional effect of physical exercises is carried out using a variety of ball games (for different positions of the arms, body, head when beating the ball), finger and oculomotor gymnastics included in physical exercises.

The beauty of movement is manifested in perfect physical control, which allows the body to rule over space and time. By playing, the child satisfies the natural need for movement. It is known that when the need is satisfied, the free power of imagination can develop. F. Schiller rightly wrote: “The reality of things is their business, the appearance of things is a human business, and the spirit, enjoying the appearance, is no longer happy with what it perceives, but with what it reproduces.”

Creative activity is of crucial biological importance and is the driving force behind the self-development of each individual, the basis of his healthy lifestyle.

A special place in the system of outdoor games is occupied by sports games. In preschool institutions, only their elements are used, leading the child to more complex sports game activities during his further education at school.

2.5.9. Sports games for preschoolers

Sports games strengthen large muscle groups, develop psychophysical qualities: strength, speed, agility, endurance. In sports, a child’s mental activity and orientation in space increase, quick-wittedness, quick thinking develops, and his own actions are realized. The child learns to coordinate his actions with the actions of his comrades; he brings up restraint, self-control, responsibility, will and determination; its sen-somotor experience is enriched, creativity develops.

It is extremely important to take into account the developing role of joy, strong emotions, and undying interest in the results of the game. The child’s enthusiasm for the game enhances the physiological state of the body.

Sports exercises replenish and enrich the vocabulary with such words as “racket”, “shuttlecock”, “stand” (badminton or tennis player), “towns”, “skittles”, “bats”, etc. Sports games relieve nervous tension, help free expression of emotion.

Badminton(ball with feathers) - a sports game with a shuttlecock and rackets. The goal of the game is to prevent the shuttlecock from falling on its site and land it on the side of the enemy. The simplicity of the rules, the ability to play on any small platform, lawn, beach, etc. make badminton a widely available game. The child’s game is taught how to hold the racket correctly: its der Jat is in the right hand so that the end of the handle rests on the base of the palm, the thumb is slightly extended forward and rests on the racket handle. The child exercises in beating the shuttlecock. He with his left hand throws the shuttlecock in front of him and hits it with his racket up, preventing it from falling (see Fig. 13).

Before teaching children directly this game, the teacher should prepare them for the following indicators:

1) develop appropriate posture; ■ 2) to form physical qualities: impact force, speed of reaction, etc .;

to develop mobility of the hand, with this purpose, give exercises that develop fingers, joints of the hand;

to form the child’s ability to play the ball;

to develop in detail tasks that will ensure the development of a throwing skill;

lead children to the effective development of the game and its rules;

work out the basic methods of playing badminton (badminton player stand, racket grip, taking shuttlecock, serving shuttlecock).

training in the technique of moving and holding the ball; passing the ball; dribbling;

throwing the ball into the basket.

Sports games in kindergarten - an important tool for the development and education of preschool children. Mobile team games contribute to the improvement of both physical and mental qualities. They help to form new skills, satisfy the needs of kids in active movement, communication and positive experiences.

The positive effect of outdoor games in kindergarten

Preschool development of a child implies its mandatory participation in outdoor team games. Why is this so important? Participating in sports games, the child strengthens health and receives the necessary muscle load. He improves motility and coordination of movements, develops agility, quickness and speed of reaction.

Sports games in kindergarten instill in the child communication skills. Since the games are organized as group lessons, the child is forced to find mutual understanding with peers and coordinate their actions with them. In the game, the kid learns to work according to the rules and follow the prescribed procedure.

Thanks to sports games, the child improves intellectual qualities, such as quick wits, the ability to analyze the situation and make quick decisions. He learns to evaluate the results of his actions, to plan actions.

Sports games in kindergarten should have a straightforward plot and clear rules. It is important that they are sufficiently entertaining, and not just sports. The simplest games are held with three-year-olds - here they establish a minimum of restrictions and rules. Games for accuracy, dexterity and reaction speed are suitable for older children. Rules and plots for them are developed more complex.

Examples of games for kindergarten

The game is called "Gingerbread Man". The guys squat in a circle. One of the players becomes the center of the circle - he will play the role of a fox. Children sitting in a circle must roll the ball (bun) to each other, but so deftly that the "fox" does not have time to grab it. The new "fox" becomes the kid whose "bun" was caught.

The game "Fisherman and Fish" is a catch-up option. A large circle is drawn on the floor, in the center of which one player (a fisherman) is seated. Other children, approaching the circle, attract his attention - “fisherwoman, fisherwoman!” - and ask “to catch them on a hook”. After that, the "fisherman" runs out of the circle and tries to grab any "fish" that takes its place.

To play Sparrows, you also need a big circle. In the middle of it becomes one of the players (cat). Sparrows are out of the circle. The teacher gives a command, and the children begin to jump back and forth: into and out of the circle. The task of the “cat” is to grab one of the “sparrows” that has jumped into the circle. A captured “sparrow” becomes a “cat”.

The game “Hit the ball into the square” develops accuracy in kids. A circle is drawn on the ground, and a square is drawn in the center of the circle. Children enter the circle and throw the ball, trying to get exactly into the square. The most accurate wins.

Outdoor games in kindergarten

An important role in the comprehensive physical education of preschool children is played by elements of sports games. They are selected taking into account the age, state of health, individual inclination and interests of the child. They use only some elements of the technique of sports games, accessible and useful to children of preschool age. On the basis of these elements that the children have learned, games can be organized that are held according to simplified rules. Sports games strengthen large muscle groups, develop psychophysical qualities: strength, speed, agility, endurance. In sports games, a child’s mental activity, orientation in space increases, quick-wittedness, quick thinking develops, and awareness of one’s own actions occurs. The child learns to coordinate his actions with the actions of his comrades; he brings up restraint, self-control, responsibility, will and determination; its sen-somotor experience is enriched, creativity develops. It is extremely important to take into account the developing role of joy, strong emotions, and undying interest in the results of the game. The child’s enthusiasm for the game enhances the physiological state of the body. Sports exercises replenish and enrich the vocabulary with such words as “racket”, “shuttlecock”, “stand” (badminton or tennis player), “towns”, “skittles”, “bats”, etc. Sports games relieve nervous tension, help free expression of emotion. Badminton (ball with feathers) - a sports game with a shuttlecock and rackets. The goal of the game is to prevent the shuttlecock from falling on its site and land it on the side of the enemy. The simplicity of the rules, the ability to play on any small platform, lawn, beach, etc. make badminton a widely available game. Before the game, the child is taught to hold the racket correctly: its der Jat in his right hand so that the end of the handle rests on the base of the palm, the thumb is slightly extended forward and rests on the racket handle. The child exercises in beating the shuttlecock. He with his left hand throws the shuttlecock in front of him and hits it with his racket up, preventing it from falling (see Fig. 13). Before teaching children directly this game, the teacher should prepare them for the following indicators: 1) develop appropriate posture; 2) to form physical qualities: impact force, speed of reaction, etc .;

1. to develop mobility of the hand, to this end, give exercises that develop fingers, joints of the hand;
2. to form the child’s ability to play the ball;
3. to develop in detail tasks that will ensure the development of a throwing skill;
4. lead children to the effective development of the game and its rules;
5. to work out the basic methods of playing badminton (badminton player stand, racket grip, taking shuttlecock, serving shuttlecock).

After mastering these exercises, a game is offered together. Children stand against each other at a distance of 4-5 m. A child with a shuttlecock in his left hand and a racket in his right hand throws the shuttlecock in front of him and directs it to the partner with a blow of the racket. The partner beats the shuttlecock with the racket to the first player. A variant of the game is to play through a grid or cord stretched at the level of the child’s head. The players strive to hit the shuttle so that it falls on the side of the opponent. If one child made a mistake (the shuttlecock fell on his side, or he did not throw it over the net), then the other gets a point. Basketball is a team game in which the joint actions of the players are determined by a common goal. It is complex and emotional, includes fast running, jumping, throwing, carried out in the originally conceived combinations, carried out with the opposition of partners in the game (see. Fig. 14). A study by N. Shashkova showed that if a child possesses the skills of various manipulations with the ball ("Ball School")\u003e then this facilitates the development of the game of basketball.

Before you start the game of basketball, you must observe the following sequence of exercises leading to the development of this game:

1. learning the technique of moving and holding the ball; passing the ball; dribbling;
2. throwing the ball into the basket.

Technique of movement For successful mastery of actions with the ball, it is necessary to teach children such techniques of movement as a stand, running, jumping, turning, stopping. Children should be taught to accept and maintain the main stance of the basketball player in the future: the legs are bent at the knees, spaced shoulder-width apart, one of them is set forward for half a step. The body goes forward, its severity is distributed evenly on both legs. Rumi bent at the elbows, pressed to the body. Exercises: 1. Children scatter around the court with the ball in their hands. They play freely on the court, perform various movements with the ball; after the caretaker’s signal they quickly catch the ball and take the correct stance. 2. Children become in a circle. Everyone runs in a circle, taking the signal to the correct stance. Movement on the site is carried out by running in combination with walking, jumping, stopping and turning. During the run, the child should put his foot on the entire foot.

3. Children without balls are distributed in a circle, not facing their middle, at a distance of 2-3 steps from each other. They move with added steps in the direction indicated by the educator. The caregiver often changes direction.
1. Children stand in 2-3 columns at a distance of 2-3 m from one another. The columns move forward at a regular pace; after the educator’s signal, those who stand first move with an advancing step facing their column at its end and become the last.
2. Stops. Preschool children should be taught stopping in two steps. The stop begins with vigorous repulsion by one foot. The child takes an elongated, stopping step and, slightly deviating to the supporting leg, performs the second step. When learning stops, you should follow this sequence: stop after walking in steps, then after a slow run, after a fast run, and a sudden stop.

Ball retention technique The rate of exercise and the course of the game depend on the level of possession of the ball. Therefore, the main attention should be paid to the technique of holding and performing actions with the ball. The formation of the feeling of the ball. When forming actions with the ball, it is necessary for the child to feel the ball as part of his body, to learn how to easily and accurately control it. The task of the first stage of training is to develop certain skills in handling the ball in children, so at the initial stage of training it is advisable to give free games with the ball in physical education classes and in independent motor activity, without aiming to develop the technique for these actions. Children need to be introduced to some properties of the ball, showing that the height of the rebound depends on the force applied to the ball, the throwing distance depends on the weight of the ball, as well as on the force applied to it. Then the teacher offers to play with the ball, throwing it up, down, throw it from one hand to another, etc. In exercises, children get used to the ball, learn to control it. When teaching preschoolers to play basketball, ordinary large rubber balls are used. The correct retention of the ball is of great importance. Starting position: hold the ball at chest level with both hands. In this case, the hands should be bent, the elbows down, the hands on the back side of the ball, fingers wide apart; the thumbs are directed towards each other, the rest are up and forward.

Ball Holding Rules:

1. Keep the ball at chest level.
2. Hands are bent, fingers are widely spaced.
3. Elbows lowered, arm muscles relaxed.

Catching the ball. It is necessary to teach children to meet the ball with their hands as early as possible, forming from the fingers as if half of the hollow ball into which the ball should fit. The child monitors the flight of the ball, and as soon as the ball touches the tips of his fingers, he must grab it and pull it to himself with a shock-absorbing movement. At the same time, it is necessary to bend the legs so as to take the position of the original rack. Ball catching rules:

1. Catch the ball with the hands, not pressing to the chest, moving towards the flying ball.
2. Without holding the ball in your hands, quickly transfer it.

Passing the ball. Simultaneously with catching the ball, it is necessary to teach children how to transfer it with both hands from a place, in the future - in motion. Children should be taught to pass the ball from the correct stance, holding the ball with both hands at chest level. During the transfer, the child must describe the ball with a small arc to the body down to the chest and, while extending the arms forward, send the ball away from you with the active movement of the hand, while unbending the legs. Rules for passing the ball:

1. Lower the elbows down.
2. Throw the ball at the partner’s chest level.
3. Accompany the ball with your eyes and hands.

Exercises:

1. Children stand in two lines, facing each other at a distance of 2-3 m. Children in pairs pass the ball to each other.
2. The construction is the same. The ball is held by one child from the first line. He passes the ball to a partner from the second line, he returns the ball to the first line. The second child from the first line throws the ball to the child of the second line, standing opposite, etc. The last child, catching the ball, runs forward and becomes the first in his line.
3. Three children stand in a triangle. They alternately throw the ball at each other.
4. Three children stand in a triangle, they have one ball. Children pass the ball to each other. After the transfer, the child moves to the place of the one to whom he threw the ball.

Dribbling. At the initial stage of training for children of six years of age, dribbling with a high rebound is more accessible because it does not require a low stance. Then it becomes possible to teach the child to move on bent legs. And finally, he easily learns the dribble with the usual bounce in a straight line, with a change of direction. When leading the sword, children learn to move on slightly bent legs, leaning slightly forward. The hand leading the ball is bent at the elbow, the brush with the fingers apart is superimposed on the ball above and away from you. The player pushes the ball somewhat sideways, evenly. The main mistakes: children hit the ball with a relaxed palm; many try to drive the ball in front of them, which prevents them from moving forward. Dribbling Rules:

1. Do not hit the ball, but push it down.
2. Drive the ball in front - from the side, and not directly in front of you.
3. Look forward, not down at the ball. When learning how to handle the ball, it is advisable to first use the preparatory exercises: beating the ball with both hands, beating with the right and left hand in place, leading "in place alternately with the right and left hand. After the child learns to control the ball with both hands quite confidently, you can go on to first step, then run.
1. Keeping the ball in place, actively pushing it down with the right, then with the left hand.
2. Dribbling the ball in place alternately with the right and left hand.
3. The group is located on 6 people, and subgroups are placed along the entire length of the site. The first player leads the ball to the second, passing the ball, he remains in his place; the second leads the ball to the third and does the same. Last - returns to the place

first. 4. Children are built in columns of 4-6 people. The pins are set opposite each column at a distance of 1--2 m from each other.After the caregiver’s signal, the children lead the ball, bypassing the first size on the right and the second on the left. Return the balls in a straight line, pass to the next and stand at the end of the column. Throwing the ball into the basket. Movement when passing the ball and throwing it * into the basket are similar in structure. Therefore, training in throwing the ball into the basket can also be limited by bringing in throwing skills with both hands from the chest and one hand from the shoulder. While holding the ball at chest level, the child should describe to him a small arc down on himself and, straightening his arms up, throw it with simultaneous extension of the legs. Throwing the ball with two hands from the chest is mainly used when throwing the ball into the basket from the spot. Throw the ball into the basket. after conducting or after catching it, when the child receives the ball, running out to the center, it is most often done with one hand from the shoulder. When throwing with one hand from the shoulder from a place, one leg is exposed- | half a step forward. The ball is on the palm of the arm bent at the elbow joint and is held by the other hand. Unbending the legs while straightening the arms with the ball up - forward, the child with a soft push of the brush directs the ball to the basket. Rules for throwing the ball into the basket:

1. Throwing the ball, do not lower your head, accompany it with your hands.
2. Look at the front edge of the ring if you throw it while standing directly in front of the basket. If you are not in a straight line in front of the basket, throw with a rebound from the shield - aim at the point where you want to hit the ball.

Exercises:

1. Children are built in two columns of 4-6 people each, opposite one basket. One column takes place on the left side of the basket, the other on the right. Those standing first make the throw, catch the ball and stand at the end of their column. The following children repeat the same.
2.5-6 children are freely located opposite the basket, each with a ball. After the teacher’s signal, the children throw the ball,

; I get into the basket as often as possible. First, the teacher shows and explains to the children the rules of aiming, then offers them to throw the ball to the shield, then gives the task to throw the ball through a highly suspended net, rope, etc. (150-170 cm). When they learn to just toss the ball to the basket, one must offer to get into it in any way. It is advisable to gradually increase the height. Convenient rack with variable ring height. An interesting game is ringball1. This is a kind of mini-basketball, it is described by V. Titov. This game brings up endurance, jumping ability, dexterity, quick reaction, ability to navigate the site well.

The game is held on a round platform. In the center of two circles with a radius of 4 and 1.5 m, a metal mast with a height of 4--5 m is installed vertically. To its upper part, depending on the technical preparedness and age group of the players, at one of the heights (3.5; 2.6; 2.15 m - the height of the rings in basketball, mini-basketball and ringball) two standard basketball rings are attached. The area of \u200b\u200bthe big circle is the playing field, the area of \u200b\u200bthe small circle is the free-throw area. The middle line divides the playing field into two zones - the rear and the front. Eight marking lines with a length of 15 cm each are applied from the outside of the boundary line of the playing field at regular intervals. The width of all marking lines is 5 cm. In ringball competitions, dribbling (dribbling) is not provided for by the rules, therefore, in addition to a basketball, volleyball, football or a rubber water polo ball can be used. Rules of the game. Each team has 6 players (2 field and 4 binders). Field players play the role of defenders and forwards and, being on the playing field, directly participate in throws on the opponents ring. Connecting players are located in their sectors off-site and participate only in the reception and transfer of the ball to the field players of their team. The game consists of three periods, each of which continues until the field player of one of the teams realizes a throw on the ring. After that, the field players of both teams take the place of binders, and those in turn become field, etc. The technical element - the player’s repeated steps with the ball in his hands forward, backward, left, right, in which the supporting leg does not come off the court — is included in the rules of the game. All other advancements and movements of field players on the site are carried out without the ball. Having received the ball, the field player for further advancement to the front zone (half of the court on which the opponent’s ring is located) must transfer his team to the connecting player. In turn, the binder, having received the ball, tries to make an accurate pass to one of the field players of his team. The transfer of the ball between field players is carried out only through connecting players, between binders - only through field players. The game stops, the ball is passed to the opposing team or a free throw is awarded for the following violations:

a) when accepting, passing the ball, the connecting player stepped on either [crossed the line of restriction of the court or his sector; b) direct transfer between connecting players of the same co- | Manda c) direct transfer between field players of one team; d) touching the mast in a game situation; e) the attacker is in the free-throw zone of the opponent for more than three seconds; f) the connecting player makes a throw-in or free throw; g) deliberate contact of the opponent (delay, shocks, blows, blocking with arms and legs). As you master the game, ringball can include a * zone rule (the attacking team cannot return the ball to its half of the court). For young children, we recommend holding ringball competitions with one field and four connecting players. In this case, the game will consist of 5 periods. Tennis is a sports game. It is carried out by striking a racket against a small rubber ball weighing 56.7-58.5 g, 6.35-6.67 cm in diameter. The playing area is 23.77 m long and 10.97 m wide, for single player the size sites 8.23 \u200b\u200bm with a length of 23.77 m. Soil for the site is chosen clay-sand or asphalt, wood, grass. The essence of the game is that players, occupying opposite sides of the court, throw the ball over the net, trying to direct it so that the opponent could not reflect the ball. The training system for tennis is preceded by a system of leading exercises. A study by L. Korovkina showed the feasibility of training the technique of basic attacks.

Basic Strike Technique Racket hold is a grip. Grip largely determines the style of play of tennis players, but even more so - the quality of the execution of shots. Tennis players use mainly three grips - universal, a grip for blows on the right and a grip for blows on the left. All the described methods of holding the racket have certain differences, but they have one thing in common: the fingers on the hand are not in the fist, and the index finger is somewhat set aside, which increases the contact plane of the playing hand with the racket when performing strokes.

Tennis stance is a position from which you can most effectively prepare for a hit and move around the court to the ball. In the stance - legs slightly bent at the knees shoulder width, body weight on the legs, racket in the right / left hand, left / right hand supports the racket by the neck, the head is turned towards the net. Exercises with hitting the ball with a racket:

1. With your left hand, slightly toss the ball to the floor, after the first bounce, catch it on the racket and not let it slide. Options: catch after two bounces or more; catch first on one side of the racket, then on the other; take as low as possible from the floor.
2. Throw the ball on the floor and hit it, lightly hit the bottom with a racket so that the ball bounces off the floor again. Options: perform the exercise and hit the racket twice, but with forward movement.
3. Throw the ball to the floor and hit it with a gentle racket strike upward, strike at the highest point of take-off.
4. Throw the ball to the floor and, without letting it touch the floor, strike with an abrupt but slight movement of the racket upwards from below and hit it several times. Options: the same with moving forward, to the sides, hit the ball with the other side of the racket, “mint”, perform with the left hand.

Exercises against the wall, hitting the ball with a racket:

1. With your hand, throw the ball against the wall and catch, hit the ball with a racket and after the rebound from the wall send the ball back to the wall. Option: one of the tennis players hits the ball against the wall and quickly goes to the side, hits one, then the second, etc.
2. Throw the ball against the wall with your hand and after bouncing off the floor, send the ball with a racket into the wall. The option is the same as in the first exercise.
3. Throw the ball on the floor so that it hits the wall, then with a racket strike, direct it to the floor, wall, and racket.
4. Between the two players, the distance is 5-6 m. The child directs him to the floor with a blow of the racket and then to the partner.
5. One of the players is standing behind the other, facing the wall. Directs the ball into the wall so that it does not touch the floor; partner hits the ball.

Cerso. The kindergarten uses games in cerso. French Serso is a hoop. In a preschool institution, the game of cerso is recommended to be used starting from the senior group. These games contribute to the development of basic motor qualities (dexterity, strength, speed, endurance), help orientation in space, coordination of actions, train the vestibular apparatus, influence the formation of moral-zolie qualities (mutual assistance, endurance, discipline, courage, perseverance, etc.) etc.), they bring up the desire to perform the exercise not only correctly, but also beautifully, easily, naturally.

The equipment for playing Serso is simple: a ring and a skewer. The rules of the main game are as follows: the child throws the ring with one hand or a skewer to the partner, he catches the hand, on the hand or on the skewer. Alternately change roles. The winner is determined by the number of rings caught (the number is set in advance). There are about 60 various exercises, games, relay races with cerso; their study involves the observance of a certain sequence - from simple to more complex with a gradual increase in physical activity. The first group - exercises, games, relay races with a ring (without skewers). Children acquire basic skills in handling the Ring in games: rolling the ring on the floor (ground, asphalt-ty wood flooring), on the gymnastic bench; throwing on horizontal and vertical objects (fixed and moving); tossing and catching rings. Capture of a ring It can be outside and inside, with one and two hands. The second group - exercises, games, relay races with a skewer ring. Children play with two objects: they roll a ring guided by a skewer, put a ring on a skewer, etc. If possible, games in serceau are held outdoors. All exercises, games and Relays, when used judiciously, are completely safe for children. The teacher must teach children to follow the basic rules of all games. Table tennis. To play table tennis, tables are made: for the middle group 65 cm high, 230 cm long and 100 cm wide; for older and preparatory groups ra the table’s dimensions are 68, 250, 130 cm, respectively. For throwing and ball games, vertical and horizontal goals are built on the court - metal rings, chocks with attached rings. They are used for throwing and climbing, and for various games. of throwing, a rocket model installed on the site is also used - children throw balls, cones, sandbags, trying to fly over the rings and fly out from the opposite side. The rocket is used for both running exercises on an inclined plane, and for role-playing games. Children love to throw balls, cones into mesquibros (from metal rods). They are brightly colored, attract the attention of children and are a good target. For throwing, cardboard targets, natural material, heather rings, etc. are widely used. Much attention is paid to ball games (especially the "ball school"). Children are also offered juggling with a racket and ball. They walk and run around the hall with a racket on which the ball rests, trying not to drop it; they catch a ball with a racket after it bounces off the floor or wall, picks up the ball, etc. After such exercises, children are invited to play with the ball in pairs, then you can offer exercises on the table. V. G. Grishin recommends the following exercises: Exercises:

1. Throw the ball with your hand so that it touches the table once; partner also catches a hand.
2. The same thing, just hit and reflect the ball with a racket.
3. It is allowed to take the ball not only from the air, but also from the floor, directing it to the table also with a rebound from the table to the partner.

Then the children perform exercises along the tennis table without a net (at the same time 4-5 pairs are engaged).

1. Hit the ball so that it hits the table several times; after that, the air partner kicks the ball back.
2. The ball must touch the table once, then the partner reflects it.
6. The ball without a net according to the rules of the game for two bounces from the table - in its half, then in half of the partner - only then the player reflects it. After that, exercises on a table with a net are offered. The grid is installed at a height of up to 10 cm. Children master the simplest blow - push. To do this, the child is one step away from the table, slightly bending the torso forward, the legs are slightly bent at the knees, the racket is held parallel to the net at a distance of 10-15 cm just above the waist. When hitting the ball, the child takes a step forward with the arm straightened in the elbow joint towards the net; the racket’s mirror should be vertical to the table. At first, the ball serve is studied, it is more difficult for children than the ball. When the ball is served, the racket is tipped to the table with the top of the playing surface. First, the ball is served without reflection through the net by 5 cm, then by 10 cm. In the first period of training, it is difficult for children to take low balls. Therefore, it is important for them to explain that they need to serve high balls and direct the ball to the center of the table so that it is more convenient to reflect it. Hockey. In the preparatory period, children master the basic concepts: club, club hook, puck, etc. At first, children play with small clubs without skates. During this period, the child’s hands become accustomed to stick weights, children become agile, learn to maneuver, hit the puck, etc. With small sticks, children try to drive the ice into a hole, circle or collar. They play the games “Pass the puck”, “Who will quickly catch the puck to the circle”, etc. From the very beginning, it is important to teach the player to hold the stick correctly, effortlessly with both hands - with the right (strong) hand at the end of the stick, with a grip on the top (retreating 1, 5--2 cm), and the other arm is slightly lower - a grip from the bottom. The club must be held so that the hook with the bottom edge rests entirely on the ice. During the game you should not intercept the club with your hands. In the hands of the player, it should be easy, obedient. To do this, children are offered exercises: swinging their hands with a club, moving the club around the body, from one hand to another, rotating the club, holding it with both hands, etc. Maintaining the puck is possible in two ways: smooth guiding, when the club’s hook is in continuous contact with the puck, and the so-called “cutting of the puck” when the puck is driven by light hooks on the right and left. How to throw a puck with a club?

When throwing to the left and. p. - feet shoulder-width apart and slightly bent right leg slightly in front of the left, stand in half turn towards the goal “puck with a club to the left of the player. During the throw, the puck does not come off the stick of the club. Throws of the puck on the right are similar to throws on the left. When the children get hold With the skill of skating, you can offer ice hockey according to simplified rules.In the preparatory period, children are given ice skating exercises to develop a sense of dexterity, the ability to maneuver, etc. Children are encouraged to slip between towns, trying not to hurt one; go ice skating, pushing a rag ball or a wooden puck with a club; or all together skate to the line (10-15 m). Each leads the club on the ice with his club. The one who crosses the line first wins. Then the children try to drive the goal, marked with paint on ice, his puck. The winner is the first to drive the puck or ice into the goal 3 times. F. Kiryanova1 suggests playing hockey in a small area (15x7.5 m) in the kindergarten area. This makeshift skating rink is surrounded by snowy meter-high shafts. Children are even offered gates with a metal case and a net 1.8 m in size. Children’s clothing when playing hockey should be light, free, not restricting movements. When a hockey game is planned for a walk, the teacher carefully thinks out the game plan. Children, putting on their skates, run out onto the ice, go for 2-3 rounds on skates, perform a series of exercises at a fast pace, first without a stick, and then with a stick. After this, children are invited to learn some technique, for example, shots on the left, etc., then a game is played. Lesson skating ends with a change in pace and direction (without a stick). The following game rules are offered:

1. Played by two teams of 5-6 people in each team.
2. The duration of the game is 20 minutes (two periods of 10 minutes with a break of 5-8 minutes).
3. During the game, players may be replaced at the discretion of the judge (educator).
4. During the game, do not push, do not raise the club above the shoulder, do not throw the puck high in the air.
5. Every 5 minutes, replace the goalkeeper with team members (alternately, at the proposal of the judge).
6. Players do not enter the goalkeeper area.
7. After a missed puck, start the game from the center of the field. 8. For violation of the rules, remove the player from the field for 1-2 minutes. Towns - an old Russian game. This game develops the eye, the accuracy of movements, strengthens the muscles of the hands and shoulder girdle, causes strong emotions. For preschool children, lightweight bits are selected for a length of 45-50 cm, weighing 400-450 g, towns 10-12 cm high.

The system and rules of the game in the towns are greatly simplified in comparison with the game of adults.

On the ground they draw a “city” - a square, each side of which is 1 m. At a distance of 3-4 m from the front (front) line of the city, a line is drawn with which the horse begins. Between the city and the horse at a distance of 2-2.5 m from the city - a half-window. When the children learn to knock out towns from this distance, the lines of a horse and a half-crown increase by a distance of 5-6 and 2-3 m. On the front line of the city various figures are formed (“fence”, “barrel”, “well”, “plane” and etc.). Throwing bats, the player tries to knock out towns outside the square-city. Bits are first thrown from a horse when they knock out at least one town - from a half-con. The winner is the one who knocks out more towns with fewer throws (see Fig. 16). Throwing a bat is taught in two ways. One of them is bent at the elbow with a raised hand with a bat, the other - with a straight hand, laid aside - back. The child is taught both ways, and during the game he uses any of them.

For the game, children are divided into two links of three people each; at the beginning of the game, the bits are on the line of the con, there are also players; from towns on platforms figures are laid out alternately. When one piece is knocked out, you can lay out the next. One town is knocked out from the line of the horse, then the players move to the half-line, from where the rest of the towns and figures are knocked out. The link that previously knocked out five pieces wins. In this case, the correctness of the posture, a strong blow (a strike at will either from the shoulder or the back swing) is taken into account. Towns and bats can be brought only from the outside of the site, so as not to get hit by another link. Classes are held with a group of children and individually.

Skittles (German: Kegel) is a sports game, the goal of which is to shoot down a smaller number of balls launched by hands, a larger number of pins installed on the site in a certain order. In a preschool institution, children should have pins, towns, croquet, cerso, badminton at the constant disposal of children.

Outdoor games with elements of sports games require special preparation of the child's body for their conduct. To do this, in the kindergarten it is necessary to use only those games that will give children the opportunity to quickly master the elements of sports games. To this end, the greatest attention should be paid to ball games. In these games, children will master the skills of fishing, throwing, throwing. Observations and studies have led to the conclusion that ball games are an excellent means of physical and psychological development. Medical and pedagogical control shows that during fast movements with the ball all physiological processes proceed more intensively. Ball games have a particular focus on fostering responsiveness, agility, mobility, etc. Children should be taught games with elements of sports games gradually, moving from simple to complex. Training should begin with the study of common, similar to a number of games, techniques. When learning the elementary technique of sports games, the most popular is the game of towns, as well as ball games such as basketball, badminton, tennis.

Introduction

The place and importance of sports in kindergarten

Types of sports games adapted for preschool children (elements of basketball, football, badminton, towns, table tennis, hockey

Features of conducting sports games with preschoolers (elements of technology, training in methods of action, leading exercises, organization of the game)

Terms for conducting sports games in kindergarten

Conclusion

List of references

preschool sports game

Introduction

The relevance of the course work. Sports games are a very important section among the means of physical education of preschool children.

They should contribute to the consolidation and improvement of the studied exercises or solve independent tasks for the development of physical qualities.

Mobile and sports games strengthen the health of the child, develop motor qualities, skills, improve the rhythm and accuracy of movements, contribute to the improvement of the basic physiological systems of the body - nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, improvement of the physical development of children, the development of moral and volitional qualities. It is very valuable that playing sports games and exercises contribute to the upbringing of positive character traits among preschoolers and create favorable conditions for fostering friendly relations in the team. They are held in summer and winter outdoors, which is an effective means for hardening a child.

A huge role in the physical development and upbringing of the child belongs to the game - the most important type of children's activity. It is an effective means of shaping the personality of a preschooler, his moral-volitional and physical qualities. The educational value of the game largely depends on the professional skill of the trainer-educator, on his knowledge of the child’s psychology, on the basis of his age and individual characteristics, on the correct methodological guidance of the relations of the pupils, on the clear organization and conduct of possible games.

Especially exceptional conditions for the development of physical qualities, outdoor games reveals the true nature of the child. It is here that collectivism, perseverance, perseverance, courage and honesty are acquired, the formation of the spiritual and physical qualities of the person takes place. In addition, outdoor games serve as a means of aesthetic education.

Outdoor games with elements of sports are included in the current program of physical education of all educational institutions, including kindergartens.

The objectives of the course work are:

Give a general description of the conditions for sports games in kindergarten

Practical relevance: the materials of this course work can be recommended for use in their professional activities by educators, heads of physical education in preschool institutions.

abstract

Coursework contains 24 pages, 16 sources

Keywords: physical education, competitive method, outdoor games with sports elements

Object of study: sports games in the system of physical education of preschool children

Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature.

The aim of the course work: to study the importance of sports as an effective means of education in children of preschool age a positive attitude to sport.

The objectives of the course work:

Determine the place and importance of sports in kindergarten

Disclose types of sports games adapted for preschool children (elements of basketball, football, badminton, towns, table tennis, hockey)

To study the features of conducting sports games with preschoolers (elements of technology, training in methods of action, leading exercises, organization of the game)

Give a general description of the conditions for sports games in kindergarten

1. The place and importance of sports in kindergarten

Outdoor games are a complex emotional activity of children aimed at solving motor problems, based on movement and the presence of rules. The outdoor game activates breathing, blood circulation and metabolic processes; improves movements, develops their coordination; forms speed, strength, endurance; teaches children to act in accordance with the rules, consciously act in a changing game situation; to know the world around; activates memory, performance; develops thinking, imagination; replenishes the vocabulary and enriches the speech of children; teaches to act in a team, to obey the general requirements; forms honesty, justice, discipline; It teaches to be friends, empathize, help each other, develops a sense of rhythm, contributes to the mastery of spatial terminology.

Sports games are complex outdoor games. These are the types of game competitions, the basis of which are various technical and tactical methods of defeat in the process of confronting a specific goal with a sports apparatus (usually it is a sports ball, the goal is a goal, a court, etc. of rivals); The content and organization of sports games are governed by official rules. Most sports games are complexes of natural movements, physical exercises (running, jumping, throwing, striking, etc.) performed by a player or interacting partners in the fight against an opponent and aimed at creating game situations that ultimately ensure victory. In many sports games, athletes engage in direct, contact wrestling. The wide distribution of sports games is due to their accessibility, the relative simplicity of the content and organization, the strength of the emotional impact on participants and spectators.

There are sports games:

team (for example, volleyball, handball, cricket, all kinds of hockey);

personal (for example, bowling, curling, chess, checkers) and games that exist as personal and team (for example, badminton, golf, table tennis, tennis).

The teacher and instructor in physical education in a kindergarten play a very important role in educating older children of a preschool attitude towards sports through sports. The structure of their activities requires the development of perceptual, design, constructive, didactic, expressive, communicative, academic and special abilities. Thus, the successful activities of a teacher and instructor in physical education at a preschool educational institution require theoretical training and practical skills.

Qualitative transformations of the motor sphere of children in older preschool age are based on the improvement of feelings and movements, the development of motor abilities. Children of this age should be given the opportunity to show their abilities, skills, and use their motor experience in a variety of ways. At the same time, it is very important that the child independently finds solutions, takes initiative, creativity, and feels free.

As the study of the practice of physical education in preschool educational institutions showed, elementary outdoor games to solve these problems are clearly not enough. High interest in games containing complexly coordinated motor actions is biologically determined and is associated with qualitative changes in the development of the child’s body

2. Types of sports games adapted for preschool children

Sports games are types of gaming competitions, the basis of which are various technical and tactical methods of defeat in the process of confronting a specific goal with a sports projectile (usually it is a sports ball, the goal is a goal, playground, etc.)

Research and practitioner data have shown that in older kindergarten groups, outdoor games with elements of sports games are possible and recommended. They are introduced when children already independently organize outdoor games. Games with elements of sports games require more than in outdoor games, concentration, organization, observation, a certain technique of movements available to children, and rapid motor reaction.

The unifying feature of those and other games is the community of health, educational and upbringing tasks, their emotional upsurge, and the possibility of improving movements. However, if children use versatile actions in outdoor games, while displaying creative initiative, then in games with elements of sports games there is some restriction on movement, determined by the specificity and accuracy of the motor actions technique of this game. As part of the teams, the established number of participants, their responsibilities are distributed, the duration of the game is limited in time, the rules determine the accuracy of motor actions. The conditions for the games require a prepared place, layout of the site, appropriate equipment, inventory. In these games, children get the right skills that meet the general requirements of sports games techniques, which excludes retraining in the future and is important for preparing for school.

The following classifications of outdoor games exist:

by complexity;

motor content;

degree of physical activity;

the use of benefits and shells;

on the predominant formation of physical qualities.

Classification of outdoor games by the predominant formation of physical qualities:

dexterity games;

games for the formation of speed;

stamina games;

power building games.

Classification of outdoor games by motor content:

games with walking;

running games;

climbing games;

jumping games;

throwing games.

The classification of outdoor games by complexity is presented in table. 2.

table 2

Classification of outdoor games by complexity

Elementary gamesComplete gamesPlot games have a finished plot and firmly fixed rules, game actions are connected with the development of the plot and with the role that the child plays. These are mostly collective games (in small groups and the whole group). Folk games belong to the plot. Subject-free games contain interesting motor game tasks for children, leading to the achievement of a goal they understand. These are: games such as dashes, traps (do not have a plot, images, but have rules, roles, game actions) games with elements of competition (individual and group) simple relay games (held with division into teams; the child seeks to complete the task in order to improve the result of the team) games using objects (pins, cerso, ring-throws, headstock, "Ball School") require certain conditions; the rules in them are aimed at the order of arrangement of objects, their use, the sequence of actions of the players plus an element of competition in order to achieve the best results. Fun games for young children ("Ladushki", "Horned Goat") encourage children to motor activity. Attraction games - in them motor tasks are performed in unusual conditions and often include an element of competition Game exercises, where each child acts separately, following the instructions of an adult. Sports games (towns, badminton, table tennis, basketball l, volleyball, football, hockey) require discipline and organization, observation, mastery of certain appliances movements, speed of the motor response. In preschool years, elements of sports games are used, and children play according to simplified rules.

The magnitude of the load on the child's body depends on:

on the accuracy of fulfilling the conditions of the game;

from the emotional coloring created by the adult leading the game;

from the role of the child in group games;

on the nature of the child himself, the degree of his excitability.

Classification of outdoor games according to the degree of physical activity

Games of high mobilityGames of medium mobilityGames of low mobilityAt the same time, the whole group of children is participating; They are built mainly on such movements as running and jumping. The whole group is actively involved, but the nature of the movements playing is relatively calm (walking, passing objects) or movement is performed by subgroups. Movements are performed at a slow pace, besides their intensity is insignificant (games with walking, games attention)

Based on the above classification of outdoor games, as well as on the description of sports games in paragraph 1.1, we can say that most sports games are complex games of great mobility with running, jumping, throwing and the formation of all the basic physical qualities.

Thus, sports games require a good level of development of basic movements and physical qualities.

The main movements are vital for a person movements that he uses in his diverse activities: walking, running, jumping, throwing, climbing; a constant, necessary component of these movements is a sense of balance. The main movements are dynamic. They involve a large number of muscles in the work and increase the vital activity of the whole organism, activating all physiological processes. Thus, they have a holistic effect on the body, contributing to the physical development and recovery of the child. .

Among the main types of movements that are most important in sports games, one should single out running (football, handball), jumping (volleyball, basketball), throwing (handball, basketball, hockey).

Physical qualities are innate morphofunctional qualities, due to which physical (materially expressed) human activity is possible, which gets its full manifestation in appropriate motor activity. The main physical qualities include muscle strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and dexterity. In relation to the dynamics of changes in indicators of physical qualities, the terms “development” and “upbringing” are used. The term development characterizes the natural course of changes in physical quality, and the term education provides for an active and directed influence on the growth of indicators of physical quality.

Among the physical qualities most important in sports games are speed (football, hockey, handball, table tennis, badminton), agility (towns, badminton, basketball), endurance (football, hockey, handball), strength (hockey, rugby) and flexibility (table tennis, badminton)

So, for successful sports games, children of preschool age should improve the main types of movements and physical qualities, primarily necessary for this sports game.

Features of conducting sports games with preschoolers (elements of technology, training in methods of action, leading exercises, organization of the game)

Badminton

Badminton is a sports game with a shuttlecock and rackets, full of various movements and combinations.

In the preschool educational institution, acquaintance and training with the elements of the sports game “Badminton” begins with senior preschool age. At the initial stage of training, exercises and games with a racket and a shuttlecock are held.

The goal of the game is to prevent the shuttlecock from falling on its site and land it on the side of the enemy. The simplicity of the rules makes it possible to play on any small platform, lawn, beach, etc.

Before the game, preschoolers are introduced and taught: with a shuttlecock; how to hold a racket; with racks and moving; with feed; with bumps.

Familiarization with the shuttlecock. A preschooler is introduced to the qualities of a shuttlecock: its weight and size are taught to determine the speed of a shuttlecock after an impact, the dependence of flight speed on the strength of the impact. To do this, exercises and games are conducted with a shuttlecock, as well as with a racket and shuttlecock.

How to hold a racket. The racket is held with the right hand (or that which is more convenient) with four fingers from below, and with the thumb from above, just like a hammer by the end of the handle (Fig. 1).

Stand and move. The preschooler is facing the net, his legs are slightly bent. Body weight is distributed evenly on the forefoot. The shoulder girdle is slightly biased forward. The racket in the arm bent at the elbow is located at hip level. The player moves around the court in jogging or small steps. The basic requirements for movement are speed, ease, timeliness.

Innings. When submitting the shuttlecock, you need to stand in the center of the field with your left side to the grid, put your left foot forward, transfer the body weight to your right foot. Hold the shuttlecock with your left hand by the feathers. A hand with a racket is bent at the elbow joint and laid back-up. The player hits the cap of the shuttlecock with a net. After feeding, the preschooler turns the torso to the net, while transferring the weight of the body from the right foot to the left.

Blows. In badminton, strikes are performed in a variety of ways. They are usually divided into punches on the right and punches on the left. When hitting the right side, the palm surface of the hand is facing the shuttle (Fig. 2), while hitting the left side is the back. Kicks on the right and kicks on the left are performed from above and below.

Preparatory exercises with a shuttlecock;

Exercises with shuttlecock and racket (together);

Preparatory exercises that develop mobility and elasticity of the wrist joint;

Movement on the site;

The first game of badminton, through the net, lasts from 3 to 5 minutes. After the children understand the essence of the game, you can conduct the game according to the rules: serve in turn; if the shuttlecock is not beaten off through the net, the team loses and the flow goes to another team. It is periodically recommended to give the child to perform exercises with his left hand (if the child is “left-handed” - with his right hand) so that both hands develop evenly.

Exercises and games with a racket and shuttlecock contribute to the development of such valuable qualities as speed, agility, endurance, accuracy and coordination of movements, eye, strengthens the muscles of the hands.

Training in the sports game "Badminton" should be based on the age characteristics and physical capabilities of the preschooler

Basketball

Basketball is a team game in which the joint actions of the players are determined by a common goal. It is complex and emotional, includes fast running, jumping, throwing, carried out in the originally conceived combinations, carried out with the opposition of partners in the game.

Before you start the game of basketball, you must observe the following sequence of exercises leading to the development of this game:

) learning the technique of moving and holding the ball; passing the ball; dribbling;

) throwing the ball into the basket.

Moving technique

For successful mastery of the actions with the ball, it is necessary to teach children such moving techniques as stance, running, jumping, turning, stopping.

Children should be taught to accept and maintain the main stance of the basketball player in the future: the legs are bent at the knees, spaced shoulder-width apart, one of them is set forward for half a step. The body goes forward, its severity is distributed evenly on both legs. Hands are bent at the elbows, pressed to the body.

Exercises:

Children scatter around the site with the ball in their hands. They play freely on the court, perform various movements with the ball; after the caretaker’s signal they quickly catch the ball and take the correct stance.

Children become in a circle. Everyone runs in a circle, taking the signal to the correct stance.

Movement on the site is carried out by running in combination with walking, jumping, stopping and turning. During the run, the child should put his foot on the entire foot.

Children without balls are distributed in a circle, facing the middle, at a distance of 2-3 steps from each other. They move with added steps in the direction indicated by the educator. The teacher often changes direction.

Children stand in 2-3 columns at a distance of 2-3 m from one another. The columns move forward at a regular pace; after the educator’s signal, those who stand first move with an advancing step facing their column at its end and become the last.

Stops. Preschool children should be taught stopping in two steps. The stop begins with vigorous repulsion by one foot. The child takes an elongated, stopping step and, slightly deviating to the supporting leg, performs the second step. When learning stops, you should follow this sequence: stop after walking in steps, then after a slow run, after a fast run, and a sudden stop.

Ball Retention Technique

The rate of exercise and the course of the game depend on the level of possession of the ball. Therefore, the main attention should be paid to the technique of holding and performing actions with the ball.

The formation of the feeling of the ball. When forming actions with the ball, it is necessary for the child to feel the ball as part of his body, to learn how to easily and accurately control it.

The task of the first stage of training is to develop certain skills in handling the ball in children, therefore, at the initial stage of training, it is advisable to give free games with the ball in physical education classes and in independent motor activity, without the goal of practicing the technique of these actions.

Children need to be introduced to some properties of the ball, showing that the height of the rebound depends on the force applied to the ball, the throwing distance depends on the weight of the ball, as well as on the force applied to it. Then the teacher offers to play with the ball, throwing it up, down, throw it from one hand to another, etc. In exercises, children get used to the ball, learn to control it. When teaching preschoolers to play basketball, ordinary large rubber balls are used.

Holding the ball. The correct retention of the ball is of great importance. Starting position: hold the ball at chest level with both hands. In this case, the hands should be bent, the elbows down, the hands on the back side of the ball, fingers wide apart; the thumbs are directed towards each other, the rest are up and forward.

Ball Holding Rules:

Keep the ball at chest level.

Arms bent, fingers wide apart.

The elbows are down, the muscles of the hands are relaxed.

Ball catching rules:

Catch the ball with your hands, not pressing it to your chest, moving towards a flying ball.

Without holding the ball in your hands, pass it quickly.

Passing the ball. Simultaneously with catching the ball, it is necessary to teach children how to transfer it with both hands from a place, later on in motion. Children should be taught to pass the ball from the correct stance, holding the ball with both hands at chest level. During the transfer, the child should describe with the ball a small arc to the body down - to the chest and, while extending the arms forward, send the ball away from you with the active movement of the hand, while unbending the legs.

Rules for passing the ball:

Lower your elbows.

Throw the ball at the partner’s chest level.

Accompany the ball with your eyes and hands.

Exercises:

The construction is the same. The ball is held by one child from the first line. He passes the ball to a partner from the second line, he returns the ball to the first line. The second child from the first line throws the ball to the child of the second line, standing opposite, etc. The last child, catching the ball, runs forward and becomes the first in his line.

Three children stand up in a triangle. They alternately throw the ball to each other.

Three children stand in a triangle, they have one ball. Children pass the ball to each other. After the transfer, the child moves to the place of the one who threw the ball.

Dribbling. At the initial stage of training for children of six years of age, dribbling with a high rebound is more accessible, because it does not require a low stance. Then it becomes possible to teach the child to move on bent legs. And finally, he easily learns the dribble with the usual bounce in a straight line, with a change of direction.

When leading the sword, children learn to move on slightly bent legs, leaning slightly forward. The hand leading the ball is bent at the elbow, the brush with the fingers apart is superimposed on the ball above and away from you. The player pushes the ball somewhat sideways, evenly.

The main mistakes: children hit the ball with a relaxed palm; many try to drive the ball in front of them, which prevents them from moving forward.

Dribbling Rules:

Do not hit the ball, but push it down.

Keep the ball in front - from the side, and not directly in front of you.

Looking forward, not down at the ball.

When learning how to handle the ball, it is advisable to first use preparatory exercises: beating the ball with both hands, beating with the right and left hand in place, leading in place alternately with the right and left hand. After the child learns to control the ball with both hands quite confidently, you can go on to the motion in the first step, then run.

Exercises:

Keeping the ball in place, actively pushing it down with the right, then with the left hand.

Dribbling in place alternately with right and left hand.

The group is located on 6 people, and subgroups are placed along the entire length of the site. The first player leads the ball to the second, passing the ball, he remains in his place; the second leads the ball to the third and does the same. Last - returns to the place of the first.

Children are built in columns of 4-6 people. Opposite each column are pins at a distance of 1-2 m from each other. After the teacher’s signal, the children lead the ball, going around the first pin on the right and the second on the left. Return the balls in a straight line, pass to the next and stand at the end of the column.

Throwing the ball into the basket. The movement when passing the ball and throwing it into the basket are similar in structure. Therefore, training in throwing the ball into the basket can also be limited by instilling throwing skills with two hands from the chest and one hand from the shoulder. While holding the ball at chest level, the child should describe to him a small arc down on himself and, straightening his arms up, throw it with simultaneous extension of the legs.

Throwing the ball with two hands from the chest is mainly used when throwing the ball into the basket from the spot. Throwing the ball into the basket after dribbling or after catching it, when the child receives the ball, running to the center, is most often done with one hand from the shoulder.

When throwing with one hand from the shoulder from a place, one leg is set half a step forward. The ball is on the palm of the arm bent at the elbow joint and is held by the other hand. Unbending the legs while straightening the arms with the ball up and down, the child directs the ball to the basket with a soft push of a brush.

Rules for throwing the ball into the basket:

Throwing the ball, do not lower your head, accompany it with your hands.

Look at the front edge of the ring if you drop it while standing right in front of the basket. If you are not in a straight line in front of the basket, throw with a rebound from the shield - aim at the point where you want to hit the ball.

Exercises:

Children are built in two columns of 4-6 people each, opposite one basket. One column takes place on the left side of the basket, the other on the right. Those standing first make the throw, catch the ball and stand at the end of their column. The following children repeat the same.

5-6 children are freely located opposite the basket, each with a ball. After the carer's signal, the children throw the ball, trying to get into the basket as often as possible.

First, the teacher shows and explains to the children the rules of aiming, then offers them to throw the ball to the shield, then gives the task to throw the ball through a highly suspended net, rope, etc. (150-170 cm). When they learn to just toss the ball to the basket, one must offer to get into it in any way. It is advisable to gradually increase the height. Convenient rack with variable ring height.

In the preparatory period, children master the basic concepts: club, club hook, puck, etc. At first, children play with small clubs without skates. During this period, the child’s hands become accustomed to stick weights, children become agile, learn to maneuver, hit the puck, etc. With small sticks, children try to drive the ice into a hole, circle or collar. They play the games “Pass the puck”, “Who will quickly catch the puck to the circle”, etc. From the very beginning, it is important to teach how to correctly, effortlessly hold a club with both hands - with your right (strong) hand at the end of the stick, with a grip on the top (1.5-2 cm backward), and with the other hand slightly lower - a grip on the bottom. The club must be held so that the hook with the bottom edge rests entirely on the ice. During the game you should not intercept the club with your hands. In the hands of the player, it should be easy, obedient. For this, children are offered exercises: swinging their hands with a club, moving the club around the body, from one hand to another, rotating the club, holding it with both hands, etc.

Maintaining the puck is possible in two ways: smooth guiding when the stick of the club is continuously in contact with the puck, and the reception of the so-called “chopping of the puck" when the puck is driven by light strokes of the hook on the right and left.

How to throw a puck with a club? When throwing to the left and. p. - legs are shoulder-width apart and slightly bent, the right leg is slightly ahead of the left, stand in half-turn towards the goal, the puck with a club to the left of the player. During the throw, the puck does not come off the stick. The shots on the right are similar to the shots on the left.

When the children master the skill of moving on skates, you can offer a game of ice hockey according to simplified rules.

In the preparatory period, children are given ice skating exercises to develop a sense of dexterity, ability to maneuver, etc. Children are encouraged to slip between the towns, trying not to hurt a single one; go ice-skating, pushing a rag ball or a wooden puck with a club; or run all together on skates to the line (10-15 m). Each leads a stick on the ice with his puck. The winner is the one who crosses the line first.

Then the children try to drive their puck into the goal, marked with paint on ice. The winner is the first to drive the puck or ice into the goal 3 times.

It is preferable to play hockey in a small area (15x7.5 m) in the kindergarten area. This makeshift skating rink is surrounded by snowy meter-high shafts. Children are even offered gates with a metal case and a net 1.8 m in size. Children’s clothing when playing hockey should be light, free, not restricting movements.

When a hockey game is planned for a walk, the teacher carefully thinks out the game plan. Children, putting on their skates, run out onto the ice, go for 2-3 rounds on skates, perform a series of exercises at a fast pace, first without a stick, and then with a stick. After this, children are invited to learn some technique, for example, shots on the left, etc., then a game is played.

Lesson skating ends with a change in pace and direction (without a stick).

The organization and methodology of sports games is carried out according to the following scheme:

Characteristics of games. Compared to real “adult” sports games, games for preschoolers are simplified in terms of content, rules, number of participants, and the introduction of tasks for a collective competition. Physical development and individual characteristics of children are taken into account.

The explanation of the game. The following sequence of explanations is desirable: to name the game and its design, briefly outline the content, emphasize the rules, recall movements, distribute roles, distribute attributes, place players on the court, and start playing actions. If the game is familiar to children, then instead of explaining it is necessary to recall certain important points with them. If the game is difficult, it is not recommended to give a detailed explanation immediately, but it’s better to do this: first the main thing is explained, and then in the course of the game all the details. The teacher explains the rules before the game and then asks questions to make sure all the children understand the rules of the game. Children can tell the rules themselves before the game or answer the questions of the teacher.

Guide the progress of the game. The teacher leads the game, watching it from the side. But sometimes the teacher takes part in the game, if, for example, the conditions of the game require an appropriate number of players. Makes comments to the violator of the rule, prompts the actions of the confused, gives signals, encourages children, monitors the actions of children and does not allow static poses (squatting, standing on one leg), regulates physical activity, which should increase gradually.

Summing up the game. The teacher notes those who showed dexterity, speed, accuracy of hitting an opponent (goal, basket), followed the rules. Calls those who break the rules. The teacher analyzes how success was achieved in the game. Summing up the game should take place in an interesting and entertaining way. All children should be involved in the discussion of the game. This accustoms them to the analysis of their actions, causes a more conscious attitude to the implementation of the rules of the game and movements.

Terms for conducting sports games in kindergarten

Outdoor and sports games are held in physical education classes, as well as on walks. For each month, 3-4 new games and the repetition of 4-5 already familiar outdoor games are planned. The explanation of the new game is given to children both in the classroom and on a walk. The teacher should clearly explain the content and rules of the game, show where the players should be and how to act. Systematically during walks, the teacher organizes individual game exercises to teach children basic movements (for example, “stand like a heron” - stand on one leg on a stump, on the side of the sandbox; “overcome an obstacle” - climb the gymnastic ladder, climb onto its opposite side and go down)

In order for children to learn how to play independently, games should be repeated (to learn the rules of the game, techniques for performing game actions). The organization of games by the children themselves should be encouraged in every way, additions, complications to their rules, introduction of new roles, inventing games for the content of familiar fairy tales, poems. It is necessary to satisfy the interest of children in their favorite games, offering them new game attributes, sports equipment. The teacher can take a direct part in the game or watch the players, making instructions during the game. Knowing the individual characteristics of children, the teacher regulates their motor activity and evaluates their actions differently. Leaves sedentary children in leading roles and engages in special exercises, praises for a well-completed task and a determination; easily excitable restrains, recalls the implementation of the rules.

Given that children of this age are interested not only in the process of performing the movement, but also in the quality and outcome of the exercises, the teacher should facilitate the organization of games with elements of competition. For their implementation, a variety of exercises are selected, provided for by the physical education program, affordable, interesting for children and corresponding to their physical capabilities. The number of exercises for children of six years in one game increases to 8-9 and may include basic movements, elements of sports games and exercises, actions with various toys and manuals. Tasks should not be too easy, otherwise the children will have less interest in their implementation, and not too difficult, which can cause a feeling of uncertainty. Couples, teams, groups of participants should be selected in such a way that in each of them there are inactive and mobile children, which would provide equal opportunities for each team to achieve success. It is very important that during the game the children get used to helping their leaders, helping out comrades from difficult situations, and maintaining friendly relations with their peers who won the game.

Particular attention should be paid to the equipment of the indoor sports zone, so that children can organize games themselves in their free time. The children are provided with balls, jump ropes, cubes, hoops, flags, ribbons, ring throws, cerso, skittles, sandbags, ropes of different lengths, plane benefits (squares, circles made of plywood).

A peculiar form of showing the achievements of children in various types of movements, in the manifestation of qualities such as speed, agility, courage, in the application of skills of self-organization, are physical culture holidays. They are held 3-4 times a year for up to one and a half hours and, as a rule, are associated with the seasons. For example, a winter holiday is associated with the wires of winter, and the summer one can be timed to the day of the end of the school year or Children's Day.

Conclusion

In the older groups of the kindergarten, sports games are practiced according to simplified rules, elements of sports games. They are introduced when children already independently organize outdoor games. Games with elements of sports games require more than in outdoor games, concentration, organization, observation, a certain technique of movements available to children, and rapid motor reaction. They are selected taking into account the age, state of health, individual inclination and interests of the child.

Sports games strengthen large muscle groups, develop psychophysical qualities: strength, speed, agility, endurance. In sports games, a child’s mental activity, orientation in space increases, quick-wittedness, quick thinking develops, and awareness of one’s own actions occurs. The child learns to coordinate his actions with the actions of his comrades; he brings up restraint, self-control, responsibility, will and determination; his sensorimotor experience is enriched, creativity is developing.

Sports games enable each child to feel the importance of participating in joint activities, helping each other to achieve results and success, i.e. they introduce children to the universal values \u200b\u200bof human life: kindness, collectivism, mutual assistance.

Most popular sports games (football, hockey, basketball, handball, tennis, badminton, rugby, etc.) are complex games of great mobility with running, jumping, throwing and the formation of all the basic physical qualities. Therefore, sports games require a good level of development of basic movements and physical qualities.

In the classroom, educators and teachers - instructors in physical education use theoretical training, which provides information at a level accessible to preschoolers, for example: the history of the emergence of games; national games with elements of sport; achievements and successes of Russia in this sports field; achievements and successes of local athletes in this sports field; conversations with preschool children about outstanding athletes; showing photographs, slides, videos, reading books on the topic "Sports Games" with their subsequent discussion.

The importance of teaching the elements of sports games is that sports games contribute to improving the activities of the fundamentals of the physiological systems of the body (nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory), improving physical development, physical fitness of children, raising positive moral-volitional character traits, creating favorable conditions for education friendly relations in the team, mutual assistance, form an interest in physical education, the need for independent studies, satisfy biological detachment in movements, fosters a love of sport.

In addition to practical exercises in sports, which form and develop the main types of movements and physical qualities in older preschoolers, theoretical classes are conducted with children.

Theoretical classes devoted to sports games (conversations, watch movies and videos, reading books, etc.) are followed by a subsequent discussion, during which preschoolers warmly and interestedly express their opinions, defend and defend their point of view, are a useful form of moral, aesthetic, volitional education, education of a positive attitude to sport.

List of sources used

Aksenova N. Increasing the level of motor activity and the dosage of physical activity at physical education classes // Preschool education, 2000. No. 6. P. 37-48.

Arshavsky I. A. Your child may not get sick. - M., 1990 .-- S. 7.

Bocharova N. Physical-sports holidays in kindergarten: new approaches, guidelines // Preschool education, 2004. No. 1. P. 46-51.

Vavilova E. N. Develop strength, dexterity, endurance in preschool children: A manual for the educator, det. the garden. - M .: Education, 1981.

Vavilova E. N. Learn to run, jump, climb, throw: A guide for the teacher det. the garden. - M .: Education, 1983. - 144 p.

Voloshina L., Novichkova L. We play basketball // Child in kindergarten, 2001. No. 3.

Voloshina L., Lunina T., Novichkova L. We play hockey // Preschool education, 2003. No. 1. P.34-39.

Keneman A.V., Khukhlaeva D.V. Theory and Methods of Physical Education for Preschool Children.-M.: Education, 1985.-271s.

Kozhukhova N.N., Ryzhova L.A., Samodurova M.M. Physical education teacher in preschool institutions: Textbook. allowance for students. higher and the average ped. educational institutions / Under the editorship of S.A. Kozlova.- M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2002.-320 p.

Lyakh V., Panfilov N. Develop coordination abilities // Preschool education, 1991.- No. 7.-p.16-19.

Osokina T.I. Physical education in kindergarten. M., "Enlightenment", 1973. 288 p. with silt.

Sports games in kindergarten

Sports games are types of gaming competitions, the basis of which are various technical and tactical methods of hitting a target (goal, net, court, etc.) with a sports equipment (ball, bat, racket ...).

Games

Sports Movable

Common symptoms : jumping, running, throwing, balance exercises.

Features:

The game takes place according to strictly established rules;

The composition of the teams includes a clear number of players;

The duration of the game is limited in time;

The conditions for the game requires a specially prepared place, layout of the site, appropriate equipment, inventory;

They require more than in outdoor games, composure, organization, observation, mastery of a certain technique of movements and speed of motor reaction.

Sports games and exercises are mainly held outdoors. Therefore, choosing them, seasonal, weather conditions should be taken into account.

Sports games according to simplified rules, elements of sports games, are practiced in senior and preparatory groups of the kindergarten.

Senior group : Preparatory group:

Skiing; - skiing, ice skating;

Badminton; - badminton;

Football; - football;

Basketball; - basketball;

Towns; - towns;

Hockey;

Table tennis.

SPORTS GAMES IN DOW

WINTER SUMMER

Hockey; - badminton;

Skiing. - football;

Basketball;

Towns;

Table tennis.

BADMINTON

Badminton - sports game with shuttlecock and racket.

Goal: prevent the shuttlecock from falling on its site and land it on the side of the enemy.

Number of players:1x1 or 2x2.

Location: rectangular platform (court) 8x4m., which is divided in half by a grid.

Sport equipment: badminton racket, feather or plastic shuttlecocks, mesh 76cm wide., 120-130cm high.

Badminton training:

Rack;

Racket grip;

Tossing a shuttlecock on a racket;

Beating off a racket on the right, left, top, bottom.

To hit a shuttlecock suspended on a rope;

Filing shuttlecock;

Transfer shuttlecock in pairs at a distance of 4-5 m.

The game of badminton promotes the development of such valuable qualities as speed, agility, endurance, accuracy and coordination of movements, eye, strengthens the muscles of the hands.

FOOTBALL

Football - sports game with a ball.

Goal: - score the ball into the opponent’s goal and prevent the opponent’s ball into his own goal.

Number of players: two teams of 5-7 players, including the goalkeeper. One of the players is the captain. Team players must have decals.

Location: a rectangular platform (18x24m.) with a center line and a goal.

Time spending: 30 minutes. The game time is divided into two halves of 15 minutes with a break of 5 minutes.

Sport equipment: soccer ball, goal (width 3m., height 2m.).

Training elements of football:

Dribbling the ball in a straight line;

Keeping the ball between objects (cones);

Stop the rolling ball with the inside of the foot or sole;

Passing the ball to each other;

Hit the ball into the goal from 3-4 m.

Forbidden:

Substitute the steps;

Push and hit players;

Steal the ball from the goalkeeper.

BASKETBALL

Basketball - this is a team game in which the joint actions of the players are determined by a common goal.

Goal: master the ball and throw it in the opponent’s basket.

Number of players: 5 people per team.

Location: platform measuring 18x12m. and a basketball hoop with a diameter of 45cm.

Sport equipment: basketball ball.

Basketball training:

- hit the ball on the floor;

Dribbling the ball with one hand in a straight line;

Keeping the ball between objects;

Passing the ball with two hands from below, from above (in pairs);

Throwing the ball into the basket;

Dribbling the ball and throwing it into the basket (describing the arc).

Note: the height of the ring can be gradually increased.

TOWNS

Small towns - sports game with a bat (stick) and towns (ruffles). The principle of the game is similar to bowling.

Goal: To beat out with bat (stick) towns from the city (square).

Number of players: from 2 to 12 people.

Location: pad size is approximate. It may increase. (15x6m.)

Inventory: bits (length 75-80cm.), towns (ruffles). Towns can be made of round birch bars 12-15cm long., 4-5cm in diameter. It is necessary to learn the figures, which consist of five towns. There are 15 of them.

Preparatory stage: learn the figures (15): “gun”, “star”, “well”, “artillery”, “machine gun nest”, “sentries”, “shooting gallery”, “fork”, “arrow”, “crankshaft”, “racket” "," Cancer "," sickle "," plane "," letter ".

Training in the elements of the game in the towns:

Starting position for throwing bits from the side, giving it rotational motion;

Ability to lay out figures and know their name;

Knocking out a town from a horse (2-3m.). In the usual (5-6m.)

After learning the elements of the game, you can start the game itself according to simplified rules.

In the game, you can use counters, for example: "the car was in a dark forest, for some interest ...". You can use a stick. Flip a coin and ask: "Eagle or tails." You can use the rebuild in two columns and in two lines, relying on the "first" and "second".

Sports games are of great importance in solving educational and educational problems. They contribute to the development of accuracy, agility of movements, eye, orientation in space. In the game, children have to make decisions quickly, which contributes to the development of thinking, the speed of the motor reaction to visual and auditory signals. Mandatory compliance with the rules in games promotes endurance, honesty, discipline, responsibility to the team, the ability to reckon with others.

Sports success to you friends!

Who forward

Equipment: sled.

Age: 3-4 years.

Game progress: sleds are placed parallel to each other at a distance of 2-3 steps. Each of the children becomes next to his sled. At the signal of the educator, the children run around their sleds. The one who completes the task wins faster.

Race

Equipment: sleds, skittles.

Age: 3-5 years.

Game progress: children stand in two columns one after another, holding the sled by the rope. A bowling pin is set 10 meters ahead. At the signal of the educator, the children carry the sled to the skittle, round it and return to their place. The one who completes the task wins faster.

Racing threes

Equipment: sled.

Age: 3-5 years.

Game progress: Near one sled - three children. One child carries sledges, the second sits on them, the third pushes the sled behind. At the signal of the teacher, the race begins. Children reach the established landmark and come back. The game ends when every child from the top three visits all roles. Those children who are quicker to complete the task win.

To the sled!

Equipment: sled.

Age: 3-5 years.

Game progress: sleds are placed parallel to each other at a distance of 3 steps, while the sled is less than playing. Children run freely around the playground. At the signal of the educator “On the sled!” Children run to the sled and sit on them. Latecomers are left without a place.

Traffic controller

Equipment: sled.

Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: children with sleds climb the mountain. Below is the traffic controller with flags in his hands. Children take turns sliding down the mountain on a sled. The regulator flags indicate the direction of rotation - right or left

Who is first

Equipment: sleds, ski poles.

Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: children standing on a sled are repelled by ski poles in order to quickly reach a certain place and go back. Whoever accomplishes this task ahead will win.

Quick sled

Equipment: sled.

Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: children alternately descend on a sled from an ice slide. Whose sleds pass the farthest, he is the winner. The game is held separately for girls and boys.

Sled racing

Equipment: sled.

Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: for each sled, three children sit down. They move forward to a certain place, pushing their feet from the snow. The team that wins the finish line before anyone else wins.

Collect flags

Equipment: sledges, flags.

Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: on the side of the mountain they put flags in a row one after another. Going down the mountain on a sled, children must collect flags. The winner is the one with the most flags.

Descent to the gate

Equipment: sled.

Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: descending from the mountain on a sled, children must pass through the designated gate without breaking them.

Turtles

Equipment: sled, flag.

Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: two children each sit on a sled with their backs to each other. At the signal of the educator, they push off with their feet, trying as quickly as possible to travel a distance of 5 m to the flag. The winner is the one who will cope with the task faster.

Get the toy

Equipment: toy.

Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: while gliding along the ice path, the child must take out a toy suspended on a rope.

Train

Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: children in pairs stand up one after another, holding on to the belt in front of the child standing, and slide down the ice path.

Through the gate

Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: children glide along the ice path, trying to pass through the gate without hitting them.

Ball on target

Equipment: ball.

Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: during the descent along the ice path, children throw the ball at the designated place.

Who better slip

Equipment: skiing.

Age: 5–7 years.

Game progress: the child must ski the distance of 20–25 m with the least number of steps.

Equipment: skiing.

Age: 5–7 years.

Game progress: at the signal of the teacher, the children scatter and glide on two skis to a complete stop. The one who skips the farthest wins.

Catch up

Equipment: skiing.

Age: 5–7 years.

Game progress: children skiing line up in one line. At the signal of the educator, they should catch up with the educator. The teacher runs so that the children can catch up with him.

Running on the same ski

Equipment: skiing.

Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: each child stands on one ski (with poles) at the start line. On a signal, everyone rushes forward, pushing off with their free legs. The one who first reaches the finish line wins.

Through the collar

Equipment: skiing.

Age: 5–7 years.

Game progress: several small gates are put in the way of skiers. Children should drive under them, trying not to knock down.

Ski couples

Equipment: skiing.

Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: children stand in pairs, holding hands, at the start line. At the signal, the children run forward. The winner is the pair that will come to the finish line ahead of everyone without breaking their hands.

Slalom

Equipment: skiing. Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: children skiing pass a snake between the flags placed. The winner is the one who quickly reaches the finish line and does not knock down a single flag.

On a narrow path

Equipment: bike, skittles.

Age: 4–5 years.

Game progress: children on bicycles are being built at the starting line. At the signal, they should go along a track 80 cm wide, which is fenced on both sides by pins. The winner is the one who drove along the track without knocking down pins.

Who will pass faster

Equipment: bike.

Age: 5–7 years.

Game progress: children on bicycles line up at the start line. At a signal, they race to a designated place. The one who comes to the finish line wins.

Who will come last

Equipment: bike.

Age: 5–7 years.

Game progress: at the signal of the teacher, the children rush forward. But they must drive the way to the finish line in the slowest way. You can’t stop. The winner is the one who comes to the finish line last.

Relay race

Equipment: bike.

Age: 6-7 years.

Game progress: children on bicycles must ride between zigzag pins to the designated place. Returning back in a straight line, they transmit

Municipal state-owned preschool educational institution

"Kindergarten No. 421 combined type of them. S. N. Rovbel.

Report on the theme: "Sports games in the DOW"

Petukhova Svetlana Aleksandrovna

Head of Physical Education

Novosibirsk 2014

Organization of sports games and sports exercises in the conditions of dhow. Sports games as a means of education in children of preschool age a positive attitude to sport (Coursework)

2.5.9. Sports games for preschoolers

The positive effect of outdoor games in kindergarten

Examples of games for kindergarten

Outdoor games in kindergarten