The lion is without a doubt the king of beasts, and he earned this royal title with his “royal” habits, appearance, magnificent mane and formidable roar. But among the lions there are completely unique specimens, for example, real albino lions.

The white color of such lions is explained by a genetic mutation, the so-called leukemism. Moreover, such lions have normal pigmentation of the skin and eyes.

White Lion.

Amazing white lions can be found in the national parks of South Africa (Kruger Park and the Timbavati reserve), where they were specially bred for some time.

But what about black lions? As is known from biology, the phenomenon of albinism is opposed by the phenomenon of melanism, which causes a black coat color. Melanism is especially common in other members of the feline family: leopards and jaguars. Yes, exactly, so, individuals of black color, called panthers, are not a separate zoological species, the name means only coat color.

If there are black jaguars and leopards, then the question will also be logical: are there black lions in nature? There is indeed such an assumption, but it is questioned by many zoologists, in their opinion, if such a black lion had appeared in nature, it would not have lived for long due to many negative reasons, such as:

• violation of thermoregulation
• hunting difficulties (due to its color, it will be much more difficult for such a lion to sneak up on potential prey imperceptibly)
• reduced immunity.

Perhaps such a lion survived, he was born in captivity, in some zoo, but this has not happened yet.

Nevertheless, some cryptozoloogs are still confident in the existence of black lions, for example, reports of them came from the African area of \u200b\u200bOkovango, but there is no documentary evidence of this.

Scientist enthusiasts do not lose hope of meeting a black lion, whether in nature, or that such a unique specimen will be born somewhere in the zoo, because a meeting with him will help clarify some of the mysteries of the evolution of feline species.

Property tax deductions for the purchase of housing: types and methods of registration 🏘 We continue a series of publications devoted to various tax deductions and the procedure for their registration. Earlier we talked about: social tax deductions professional tax deductions standard tax deductions This time we will consider property deductions, namely, a deduction for the purchase of housing, which is issued: For the purchase of an apartment, room or construction of a house; To pay off interest if you bought a home on a mortgage; To repay interest on refinancing loans for the construction or purchase of housing. Remember that the deduction is not provided if you: bought housing at the expense of employers, maternity capital or budget funds; bought property from a spouse or one of relatives; have exhausted their right to property deduction. The size of the tax deduction is determined by two main parameters: paid income tax; expenses when buying a home. When buying or building real estate, you can return up to 13% of the value of objects, but the maximum amount for deduction should not exceed 2 million rubles per person. That is, in one hand you can get no more than 260 thousand rubles. There are limitations, however. If the house was purchased before 2014, you can use the deduction once in a lifetime, and the purchase price does not matter. If a house was bought after January 1, 2014 and did not use the deduction earlier, then you can use it several times, but it is still strictly limited to 2 million rubles. For each year, you can return no more than transferred to the income tax budget. If you have not exercised the right to receive a deduction in full, its balance is carried forward to subsequent tax periods. That is, you can return the tax for several years, until you return the entire amount. If you took housing in a mortgage, it is important when it was issued. If until January 1, 2014, then the property deduction will cover the entire amount of interest, and if after - the interest deduction is limited to 3 million rubles, i.e. you can return a maximum of 390 thousand rubles. Also, since 2014, the maximum amount of deduction is applied to the costs of acquiring both one or several real estate objects. The amount of benefits can be doubled if you buy an apartment in a marriage - then both spouses have the right to return 13% of the cost of housing purchased. If you acquired the property in common ownership before January 1, 2014, the property deduction is due to each co-owner depending on the share, if after - the amount of the deduction depends on the actual expenses incurred by each owner within the total limit. We will tell you about property deductions for the sale of housing in one of the following publications. The procedure for obtaining a deduction when applying to the employer, as well as a list of additional costs that are taken into account when calculating the property tax deduction, see our infographics.

Lions, according to many people, are one of the most beautiful animals in the cat family. The word "lion" in humans, in most cases, is associated with something strong, powerful, wise and noble. In nature, there are lions and lionesses endowed with nature with a special color and coloring. In the savannah you can find lions with white skin and mane. There are lions with blue eyes and the color of the skin and mane from light beige to golden color. All the variety of colors can be explained by mutations at the genetic level. White and golden lions are called albinos and leucists. Scientists question the existence of black lions on the planet.

Scientist Clark Tonj, who specializes in mutations among large cats, explained this theory of the existence of black lions by the fact that dark-colored individuals did not survive in the process of evolution of lions and, therefore, the possibility of their existence in our time is unlikely. If in the wild, a lion cub with a black skin and a mane is born, then in any case it is unlikely that it will survive, since such processes as weak immunity, violation of thermoregulation and difficulties encountered during hunting will contribute to its death. Biologists believe that a lion with black hair will not be able to survive in the wild. If such a lion is born in captivity, the likelihood that he will live is high enough. Despite all the statements of scientists, cryptozoologists believe that black lions can exist in nature. Some of the cryptozoologists are even sure of this. In Persia and Africa, residents claimed to have seen black lions.

In the photo above, most likely photoshop.

It is worth noting that science does not stand still, and manipulations on the DNA of lions are quite real, followed by a change in their color.

The lion belongs to predatory mammals and is a representative of the panther genus from the subfamily of large cats. Today, the lion is one of the largest cats, and the average weight of the male of some subspecies is 250 kg or more.

Subspecies of a predatory animal

In the earliest classifications, twelve main subspecies of the lion were traditionally distinguished, while the largest was considered to be the Barbarian lion. The main distinguishing features of the subspecies were represented by the size and appearance of the mane. The insignificant difference in this characteristic, as well as the possibility of individual intraspecific variability, allowed scientists to abolish the preliminary classification.

As a result, it was decided to leave only eight main subspecies of the lion:

• asiatic subspecies, better known as a Persian or Indian lion, characterized by a rather squat body and not too thick mane;
• a Barbary or Barbarian lion completely exterminated by man, having a massive body and dark-colored, thick mane;
• senegalese or West African lion, a characteristic feature of which is a fairly light coat, medium-sized body and a small or completely absent mane;
• the North Congolese lion is a rather rare species with a large external resemblance to other African relatives, a predator belonging to the cat family;
• masai or East African lion, characterized by elongated limbs and a peculiar, as if "combed" back mane;
• a southwestern African or Katangan lion, having a very characteristic for the subspecies, light staining over the entire surface of the body;
• a subspecies extinct at the end of the nineteenth century - the Cape lion.

But the white individuals and black Lion. Of course, white lions are not a subspecies, but belong to the category of wild animals with a genetic disease - leukism, causing a characteristic light coat color. Such individuals with a very original coloration are found in the territory of the Kruger National Park, as well as in the Timbavati reserve, located in the eastern part of South Africa. White and golden lions are called albinos and leucists. The existence of black lions still causes much controversy and is called into question by scientists.

Black lion in nature - theory and practice

The phenomenon of albinism, expressed in uncharacteristic white staining, is known to be opposed to melanism, which is most often observed in the population of leopards and jaguars. This phenomenon makes possible the birth of individuals with an unusual black coat.

Wild animals-melanists are rightfully considered to be peculiar aristocrats in the world of natural conditions. Such an animal acquires black staining due to the presence of an excessive amount of melanin in the skin. High levels of dark pigment can be found in various animal species, including mammals, arthropods and reptiles. From this point of view, black lionit may well be born, both in natural or natural conditions, and in captivity.

As a rule, melanism is caused by adaptation processes, so the individual acquires an uncharacteristic black color in order to survive and be able to reproduce in the presence of adverse external factors.

It is interesting!   Due to the manifestation of melanism, some species of animals can become almost invisible to predators, while for other species this feature gives some advantages and helps to hunt more successfully at night.

Among other things, it must be borne in mind that melanin plays an important role in the health of the animal, due to the ability of pigments to absorb a significant amount of ultraviolet radiation and prevent radiation damage. Also, scientists have found that such animals have maximum endurance and are perfectly adapted to life in adverse conditions, therefore black lion in nature   could very well survive.

Is there a black lion

Among the most common mammals, the appearance of black color is most often observed in the feline family. Well-known in nature and studied by many scientists, leopards, cougars and jaguars, whose body is covered with black wool.

Such animals are called "black panthers". Approximately half of the entire leopard population living in Malaysia has such a black coloring that is unusual for the species. A significant number of black-colored individuals inhabit the Malacca Peninsula and the island of Java, as well as the Aberder Ridge in central Kenya.

Black lion photo   which is often found on the Internet, could live in low light conditions, where a dark animal will be the least noticeable. Studies of almost fifteen years ago, published in New Scientist, confirm the fact that melanism may be necessary for the animal's body to increase resistance to pathogenic microorganisms.

Pigment features are thought to provide feline predators with immunity to most viral infections. Perhaps if the black lion was captured on video, then it would be much easier to establish the truth about its distribution.

Black Lion - Exposing

The confidence of cryptozoologists in the existence of black lions, to date, is not confirmed by any documentary facts. In their opinion, black lions, whose population is only 2 on earthmay well inhabit Persia and Okovango. However, taking into account the fact that dark-colored animals less adapted for hunting in the shroud cannot get enough food for themselves, the probability of their distribution is zero.

The confirmation of the fact of the existence of such lions by the presence of images of a black predator on the arms or in the names of English pubs is also very peculiar. Following this logic, in vivo should also exist lions with blue, green or red coloring. As for the pictures of the black lion, which in a short period of time have collected countless views on the Internet and caused indescribable delight of fans of everything unusual, they are just another and very successful photoshop.

News and Society

Does a black lion exist in nature?

  August 12, 2013

Leo is an intelligent, strong and very dangerous predator, a thunderstorm of deserts and savannahs. For many of us, this beautiful and proud animal is associated with the king of beasts, which inspires fear in everyone, but he himself is not afraid of anyone. We are used to seeing these muscular big cats with a red mane and golden hair, but lately more and more photos with dark animals have appeared. The black lion looks unusual, so many people are wondering: is this a real beast or the skillful work of Photoshop?

Do not think that in the natural habitat there are only lionesses and lions with a reddish color, in the savannas you can often find predators with a former mane and skin, there are also cats with beige hair and blue eyes. Nature sometimes rewards animals with the most unimaginable colors and shades. All this is due to genetic mutations. If there are leucists and albinos, then why cannot there be such a thing as a black lion?

Melanism is opposed to albinism, so it is likely that both white and dark animals can exist. Scientists from different countries unanimously refute the fact that a black lion exists. In their opinion, this is impossible not at the genetic level, but in terms of survival. Mutation experts explain that dark-colored individuals did not survive during evolution, so now you can not even hope that a dark lion cub will appear. Even if we assume that he will be born in the wild, then most likely the animal will not survive.

The black lion suffers from a violation of thermoregulation, it has reduced immunity, and there are some difficulties when hunting. If the animal is born in captivity, then people will help him survive, but in his natural habitat he has practically no chance. Despite the fact that scientists answered the question in detail, setting forth their own point of view, many people nevertheless ask themselves: "Are there black lions?" and "Where can I see them?"

Cryptozoologists disagree with the researchers, they believe that dark individuals can still be found in the wild. In support of their point of view, there were reports from the African continent, namely from the Okovango area, and from Persia that they saw black lions there. Both territories have similarities in one - they are covered with stunted trees and shrubs. This landscape allows predators with dark hair to hide from the scorching sun and hide when hunting.

In Okovango, they found a whole pride of dark lions, but they can not be called black. They differ from ordinary big cats in dark brown color. Scientists do not recognize that this is a consequence of melanism, but agree on the thoughts of closely related crosses. This color is fixed, because predators live in the forest.

The black lion is today the dream of cryptozoologists. They believe that dark individuals are in the African bush or savannah, but so far no one can find them. If a melanist lion were found, it would be easier for researchers to study the evolution of the species. Scientists can only hope that a black miracle will someday be born in a zoo.

  Source: fb.ru

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