Morality. Norms and functions of morality. The difference between morality

If you look in the "Big Encyclopedic Dictionary", we will see that there the definition of the words "morality" and "morality" mean the same thing. It’s hard to agree with that. Even in ancient antiquity, morality was understood as the elevation of a person above himself, it was an indicator of how a person is responsible for his behavior and actions. Morality is closely related to the character and temperament of a person, his spiritual qualities, the ability to moderate and suppress his egoism. Morality implies certain norms and laws of behavior in society.

Morality in modern society is based on the principles of not creating obstacles for another person. That is, you can do whatever you want, but only until you start to harm others. If, for example, you are deceiving another person and it has done him harm, then if not? Then it is not condemned. This is the moral of our behavior today.

The concepts of “morality and morality” of tomorrow will go even further. Live as you want, the main thing - do not meddle in other people's affairs and someone else's life if you are not asked. Decide for yourself, not for others, and if you want to help someone, first find out from him, but does he need it? Perhaps your views about what is good and what is bad do not coincide at all. And remember: everyone has their own morality. Only a few general rules combine: do not touch someone else's, do not attempt to encroach on the life of another person, his freedom and property - everything is quite simple.

As if delimiting the concepts of morality and morality, such definitions can be given. Morality can also be called the word "decency", that is, it is the sum of some norms of behavior and prejudices accepted in this society. Morality is a deeper concept. A moral person can be called one who is wise, non-aggressive, does not wish evil to a person, sympathizes and empathizes with him, and is ready to help another. And if morality is more formal and comes down to certain permitted and prohibiting actions, then morality is a more subtle and situational thing.

The main difference between the concepts of “morality” and “morality” is that morality involves an assessment by society, neighbors, God, leadership, parents and so on. While morality is such an internal self-control, an internal assessment of one’s thoughts and desires. It does not depend on external factors, these are the internal beliefs of a person.

Morality depends on a social group (religious, national, social, and so on) that prescribes certain norms of behavior in this society, its prohibitions and prescriptions. All human actions are correlated with these codes. Compliance with these laws is supposed to be encouraged by society in the form of respect, fame, awards, and even material wealth. Therefore, moral standards are closely related to the charters of a certain group and depend on the place of their use and time.

Morality, in contrast to morality, has a more universal character. It is aimed not at achieving some benefits and rewards, but at other people. A moral person sees in another person not himself, but his personality, he is able to see his problems, help and sympathize. This is the fundamental difference between these concepts, and morality is most expressed in religion, which preaches love for one's neighbor.

From the foregoing, it becomes clear that the concept of morality and morality are different things and how they, in fact, differ.

The terms "morality" and "morality"

The terms "morality" and "morality" are used mainly in the same meaning - as synonymous words. Moreover, they are equivalent in the applied aspect (in terms of the tasks of legal science). Although some experts in the field of ethics (the science of morality) see differences here. Hegel also shared morality and morality, calling law, morality and morality three successive steps in the development of an objective spirit. At the same time, the Latin "mores" means nothing more than "mores."

In the ethics literature morality (morality) is defined as a form of social consciousness, reflecting social reality in the form of specific, historically determined ideas about good and evil, which are fixed in the minds of people in the form of principles, norms, ideals designed to regulate people's behavior in order to preserve and developed society as a whole.

Law and morality are the main social regulators of human behavior. They have common features, differences and interact with each other.

a) belong to social norms and have the general property of normativity;

b) are the main regulators of behavior;

c) have a common goal - regulation of human behavior with the strategic objective of maintaining and developing society as a whole;

d) are based on justice as the highest moral principle;

e) act as a measure of individual freedom, determine its boundaries.

Differences in Law and Morality

1. Morality is formed earlier by law, legal consciousness and state organization of society. We can say that morality appears with society, and law with the state. Although morality also has its own historical period of development and arises from the need to coordinate the interests of the individual and society.

2. Within one country, one society, there can be only one legal system. Morality in this sense is heterogeneous: several moral systems can operate in society (classes, small social groups, professional groups, individuals). Moreover, in any society there is a system of generally accepted moral views (the so-called prevailing morality).

3. Morality standards are formed as a normative expression of the views, ideas about good and evil, justice, honor, duty, decency, nobility and other categories of ethics that have developed in a given social environment, society. (The main categories of moral consciousness are “good” and “evil”, without which any moral assessment is impossible.) In this case, the process of formation of moral systems proceeds spontaneously, in the bowels of public consciousness. The process of law formation is also very complex, has deep social roots, but law in the unity of its form and content appears as the result of the official activity of the state, as an expression of its will.

4. Morality lives in the public consciousness, which is the form of its existence. And in this regard, it is even difficult to distinguish between morality as a form of social consciousness and morality as a normative social regulator, in contrast to law, where it is quite clearly possible to draw a line between legal consciousness and law. Law, in comparison with morality, has clear forms of objectification, consolidation outside (formal sources of law). Of course, this or that moral system can be systematized and written out as a kind of moral code. However, we are talking about the fact that morality as a special social regulator objectively does not need this.

5. The subjects of regulation of legal norms and moral norms do not coincide. If they are presented in the form of circles, then they will intersect. That is, they have a common subject of regulation and there are social spheres that are regulated only by law or only by morality. A specific subject of moral regulation is the sphere of friendship, love, mutual assistance, etc., where law, as a regulator, requiring external control over the implementation of its requirements, and assuming the possibility of state enforcement, cannot and should not penetrate. However, there are areas of legal regulation to which morality is not connected due to the fact that they are fundamentally, by their nature, not amenable to moral evaluation: they are ethically neutral. These areas include, in particular, the subject of technical and legal norms.

6. From the point of view of the internal organization, one or another moral system, being a relatively holistic normative entity, does not have such a logically coherent and sufficiently rigid structure (law of connection of elements) as a system of law.

7. Law and morality differ in the means and methods of ensuring the implementation of their norms. If the law, as you know, is ensured by the possibility of state enforcement, then moral standards are guaranteed by the power of public opinion, negative reaction of society to a violation of moral standards. At the same time, the nature of morality is such that truly moral behavior takes place when it is carried out by virtue of a person’s personal conviction of justice and the need for ethical requirements, when his conscience guides the person’s behavior. There is a “golden rule” of morality: “Do towards others the way you want them to do towards you.”

Law and morality interact. Law is a form of prevailing morality. At the same time, morality recognizes illegal behavior as immoral. Moral standards are important both for law-making activities and for the exercise of law: first of all, for the process of applying legal norms. The law enforcer cannot make a fair decision without relying on moral requirements. However, not excluded contradictions between the norms of morality and law. This is due, in particular, to the processes of their development: both moral standards and legal norms may be “ahead”.

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The relationship of morality and law: a table of similarities and differences

Legal frameworks often include consideration of some similar terms, between which there are many similarities and differences. One of the priority tasks is the correct definition of morality and law as independent industries. What are the similarities and differences between these two concepts, as well as how to correctly formulate the interactions and contradictions of moral and legal norms, our article will tell you.

What is moral

Each of us more often or less often hears such definitions as: moral, moral and even immoral. Under these terms, much is hidden, especially if you dig a little deeper into the origins of the word. Morality is the eternal boundary between good and evil, black and white, as well as all the values \u200b\u200baccumulated by mankind.

Morality appeared at the dawn of public relations, when the legal principles and responsibilities were not yet properly formulated. In essence, this is a code of action, social and personal reactions to any circumstances and agreements. At the same time, there are no precisely prescribed moral standards; the standard reaction may not correspond to the moral standards adopted in certain sections of society.

On the video - morality and law, similarities and differences, the problem of correlation, general signs:

An example of such behavior can be the subtleties of eastern and western culture, inevitable misunderstandings and conflicts in worldviews. In some cultures, it was customary, for example, to leave the weak and the elderly to their fate, if society is in danger of deprivation and a shortage of necessary products. In Sparta, the burden for society was considered not only disabled and seriously wounded, but even simply disproportionately built or with inappropriate features for the standards of beauty. The fate of such unfortunate people is known to everyone and cannot but cause resentment in modern society. At the same time, at that time and in this area, it was considered an unchanged companion of successful prosperity and victory over enemies.

In modern society, fortunately, this is no longer the case. However, as before, certain groups of people fall under the cohort of outcasts. Depending on countries and time, these may be people of a different orientation, religion, color, origin, or carriers of certain diseases.

It will be interesting to know how compensation for moral damage occurs in civil law. as well as what is the procedure and amount of compensation for non-pecuniary damage in civil law. All information is listed in this article.

Thus, morality extremely flexibly adapts to the needs and moods of the basis of part of society and requires compliance with a certain protocol of relations, even if an individual does not agree with it. On the other hand, a person’s individual reaction can be caused by personal feelings and may not be consistent with the opinions of others. In this case, such a reaction may cause conviction and negative reaction, but is not prosecuted by punishment and legal liability.

Objectives of morality:

Evaluate human actions, give them a definition in terms of "good - bad."
To regulate actions and direct human actions towards the achievement of humane and useful goals from the point of view of society.
The educational work of morality is also aimed at a long-term effect and ensuring a safe and comfortable stay of an individual in society.

Moral principles have always been highly valued, especially when it comes to a highly intellectual society. Ideally, moral values \u200b\u200bshould replace all possible legislative acts. If a person knows and is responsible for his actions, he simply will not be able to do harm and contribute to the collapse of society.

What is the classification of crimes in criminal law, is detailed in this article.

What is active suffrage can be found in this article.

What is the right

The emergence of this term occurred after the formation of the basic rules of behavior in society. In the literal sense, the emergence of the need to control the behavior and actions of citizens contributed more to the formation of the state as a whole, therefore these two concepts are inextricably linked with each other.

Law is a set of laws and requirements that govern the public life and relationships of citizens of a particular state. The right for everyone should become an unshakable source and guideline of what is “possible” and what is “not possible”. If violations of these rules are identified, a certain responsibility follows and punishment is imposed.

On the video - the similarities of morality and law, their unity and difference:

The emergence of law did not concern personal relations, but, on the contrary, protected privacy from extraneous interference. Moreover, all other relations: labor activity, trade transactions and other disputes that inevitably arise in any society are called upon to be regulated and resolved precisely with the help of legal norms.

To date, there is a lot of evidence and examples of creating legal principles in any of the well-known social structures. The code of laws could radically differ depending on the region and state, but each resident of the country had to comply with it and demand protection of their rights from extraneous encroachment.

Characteristic features of law:

It occurs along with the state system.

May be different for different countries.

It is an officially documented list of the rights and obligations of each citizen.

The punishment for the offender is assessed and determined.

Dies off with the state.

Legal laws are also aimed at maintaining order in society. At the same time, modern laws regulate all types of human activities, including family relationships and parental responsibilities.

What derivative methods of acquiring property rights are indicated in this article.

What signs of insignificance of an act exist, is described in detail in this article.

Features of two areas

In essence, these two terms have much more in common. This is a specific set of rules adopted in a single society. They regulate and determine the further behavior of each individual and his role in this society. At the same time, an immoral act or behavior can only cause indignation or condemnation, but unlawful actions will entail punishment under existing laws. To better understand the issue, read about the essence of the normative approach to law.

At the same time, many actions can be simultaneously regarded as immoral and anti-legal. For example, one can name cruel treatment of children, for which one can count on universal condemnation plus criminal punishment. On the other hand, if the article does not contain an article for cruelty to animals, such actions will not be prosecuted. Moral principles will be of greater importance here: any normal society does not consider such a worthy occupation, and will not encourage such.

Morality and the Law: Eternal Competitors

(EJ-Lawyer, 2013, N 11)

MORALITY AND LAW: ETERNAL COMPETITORS

Alexey Kiselev, lawyer, Kirov.

A lot of works have been written on the relationship between morality and law. If for some specialists this ratio is determined by the framework of the legal system, for others it is the subject of psychological, pedagogical and historical research. Consider the similarities and differences of morality and law.

In the article we distinguish between 2 concepts - law and law. We will compare morality not so much with law as with law.

From the point of view of function, morality and law as sources of law are equivalent. Both morality and the law are designed to regulate relations between people, to determine human behavior in specific situations. The purpose of the law is defined by Roman lawyers as follows: Legis virtus est imperare, vetare, permittere, punire. In this quadrivium, punire is clearly distinguishable as an integral part of the norm (in its Romano-German sense) and regulatory methods are imperative (imperare, vetare) and dispositive (permittere). It seems that morality also cannot be reduced only to prohibitions (vetare) and obligations (imperare). This sharply narrows the possibilities of such a source, and also creates excessive tension in society.

Recall that for any prohibitions there must be a real need and compliance with the principle of proportionality to goals. This principle follows logically from the idea of \u200b\u200ba “middle path” set forth by the historical Buddha in one of the sutras. And although it was intended for the monastic community, its practical application to the law is obvious: you cannot make the law too strict or too liberal, otherwise it will not fulfill its purpose.

In addition, there is another functional similarity - both morality and the law are able to regulate the same relationships (from family to environmental), using different motivations. True, such an ability can be misleading when classifying a particular provision as moral or legal.

For example, is it a moral norm to pay for work and compensate for harm done? What criteria can create a law to determine the degree of care and diligence of the employee? Is it possible to consider the principle of guilt in tort law, the norms of extreme necessity, the action of moral norms or is it a purely legal principle?

There are many similar issues in every legal relationship and each branch of law. But the answer to the question “pure morality or law?” Is of practical importance for a European lawyer. The provision of judicial protection to certain claims depends on this.

The similarity of morality and law is not limited to function and form, it goes further to the substantive side. This implies the similarity of the principles of law and morality, although it is not complete. The first norms of the law came from moral norms contained in religious texts. Moral maxims, known as the 10 commandments, have correspondences in other religions and legal systems of other states. But there are moral standards that have common domestic significance.

The continental system of law follows the path of including moral standards in the texts of codes, laws in various forms. English law is traditionally divided into common law and the law of justice, which until the mid-19th century were used separately by the royal courts and the Chancellor of Justice, respectively. Only after the reform did the English royal courts begin to apply both systems. And in the system of Muslim law, a believer, by virtue of religious dogmas, is obliged to obey his rightful ruler. Similarly, the position of the Hindu in the system of Hindu law. In any case, meaningful morality and law interpenetrate each other, are adjacent to each other and complement each other.

And yet they are different.

The differences in morality and law lie in the process of their creation. If laws are created to regulate legislative activity, and their implementation is supported by the possibility of applying sanctions, then moral standards are created in the process of training and education. If the law is perfect, it is backed by sanction. And education takes place according to different rules and has a variety of methods, classified by pedagogical science in different ways.

So, among the main methods, pedagogy calls exercise, demand, training, the method of instructions, encouragement, competition, punishment, the subjective-pragmatic method of stimulating activity and behavior. These methods, as a means of influencing the foster child (usually a child or a minor), are not used in accordance with the law, but according to the vision of his personality by the teacher or parents. Although the principles of legality and measures regarding the educational process have not been canceled by anyone.

The scope of relations is also different: morality regulates a greater number of relations and situations than the law, due to the fact that the law does not intervene in some relations or has gaps. Despite the fact that in some states so-called suits of good conscience are allowed, morality is still ahead of the law.

For example, the trial procedure is fully accompanied by moral standards regarding one person’s testimony. In situations where everything depends on his testimony and no one can refute them or prove their deceit, it is a moral law that is in the witness’s consciousness or subconscious.

We quote some of the statements of the ancients. In the Tablets of Moses we read: "Do not bear false witness against your neighbor." And in the Dhammika Sutra it is said: “Let no one speak deceitfully neither in the court or at the meeting, let no one encourage others to do so and do not approve of them, - let him avoid all these three types of untruth.”

Perhaps the main difference between the concepts under consideration is the following: morality is always stricter than the law in the systems of continental and English law, if they do not mix, which is typical of religious law. This is manifested in the fact that the moral law, being very brief (10 commandments), has a broader interpretation of the terms used, which expands the limits of prohibitions and narrows the scope of what is permitted. Sometimes significantly.

As an example, we give the commandment “Do not commit adultery”, which in the mentioned sutra is interpreted as the prevention of love acts with other people's wives, and in the Sermon on the Mount it is interpreted even more widely. Jesus introduces the definition of “adultery in the heart”, explaining it as a longed-for look at a woman (it seems that someone else’s), and also uses the term “adultery” to marry a divorced woman. It is even wider in the Laws of Manu.

In ancient times, theft was also understood quite widely. The laws of Hammurabi were equated with the theft of the appropriation of stolen goods, the non-delivery of fugitive royal slaves at the request of the herald. Sanctions for violation of the law are prescribed by law; sanctions for violation of moral standards do not exist. Morality in modern Europe is supported by the power of public opinion. Another thing is the system of religious law and the ancient law of Europe.

And the last difference. If the law is based on a rational beginning in a person, his desire for a rational organization of life, considering them the motives and psychological foundations of the mechanism of action, then morality traditionally gravitates to high motives - saving one’s and another’s soul, attaining the city of Heaven, etc.

What conclusions can be drawn regarding the interaction of morality and law?

First, the ancient legislator did not see the difference between morality and law. We explain this by his intellectual incapacity for such a separation, by the idea of \u200b\u200bthe dangers of the gap between morality and the law, by the emotionality of reactions to negative, from his point of view, actions.

Secondly, the combination of morality and positive law made the latter sharply repressive and mostly punitive, because for ancient people morality was associated not with permissions, but with prohibitions.

Thirdly, although the law should absorb many moral principles, it should be defended from morality at a reasonable distance and not absorb the morality as a whole. This is also necessary to provide a person with space for moral choice, which cannot be learned without a certain scope of freedom, and also so that most of the moral maxims should not be forced through the name of the next ruler, but assimilated through education.

The repeatedly described commandment about adultery has practically left all modern European criminal codes, leaving only forcible entry into communication, and the rest of the array has moved into the sphere of civic obligations of a good conscience. The commandments about the idol generally lost their power in connection with freedom of religion.

Let us not forget that, according to the conviction of Marxist-Leninists, law in any source always and everywhere served the personal or selfish interest of the ruling classes (estates, varn, castes, etc.). Obviously, this fate can befall morality if it falls entirely under the fifth law. But every time a group of people appears that has influence, at least due to the large number of its members, it seeks to create ad hoc morality (for a specific situation), pursuing its own selfish goals or satisfying its unbridled animal instinct for domination. It is the strength of their collective opinion, which is taken into account when other people make decisions, that sometimes affects a person’s behavior and fate even more than the law. Is it not this force that prompts people to refuse to exercise their legitimate rights or to consider themselves unworthy of what they have received under the law ?! This is precisely the conflict between morality and the law.

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On the basis of morality and law, social norms are formed that streamline and regulate our lives. They help to answer the question "what is good and what is bad." It is morality and law that do not allow to commit a criminal act and contribute to the organization of interpersonal relations.

Formation Methods

Only the state has the basis to form legal norms. Accordingly, law expresses not so much the will of the people as the will of the state. Although the opinion of ordinary people is still reflected in them. Legal norms arise from national traditions and customs.

Collateral Methods

Based on the fact that the law is formed by the state, it is logical to assume that it is he who regulates it. There are state institutions that monitor the implementation of legal norms and punish them for violation. Since the right is not advice or recommendation, then its implementation is mandatory.

Expression form

Legal norms are approved by legislative documents: laws and decrees, collected, depending on the subject and importance, in codes, charters, etc.

The laws of morality are formed by society itself and become "unwritten rules." However, some organically flow into the texts of laws and are prescribed in legal acts.

The commission of unlawful actions necessarily entails a punishment, the size and method of imposition of which is strictly regulated by state documents.

The requirements presented to a person by moral standards are much tougher and peremptory than legal requirements. The law considers only the extreme manifestations of immoral acts, while morality condemns any expression of lies, slander, and deceit.

Areas of activity

The difference between law and morality

Right It is a system of social norms binding on every citizen.

Morality - This is a combination of historically established principles and beliefs. They are the basis for the formation of norms of behavior.

Unlike law, morality is formed in a completely different way. Moreover, there is not any body that would be engaged in this activity. Morality is a consequence of people's activities, arises spontaneously and does not require approval by any authority.

As for morality, a person decides for himself whether it is worth following the proposed moral standards. Moreover, for failure to comply with them he will not incur criminal or any other liability. He can only be condemned by the collective, which in some cases is the most effective punishment.

Responsibility for Violations

Violation of moral standards is a crime against society, their colleagues, family. The form of punishment for such an offense looks like a remark or reprimand, and in some cases, dismissal from work.

Requirements for a person

The law does not cover all spheres of human activity, for example, such as friendship, mutual assistance, love, etc. It considers only the most important areas of public life (labor, property, power, justice). Accordingly, the scope of morality is much wider. From a moral point of view, almost all human actions are evaluated.

For some reason, modern man is rarely guided by common sense in his actions. All decisions are made solely on emotions, as a result of which an impression of a man’s lack of manners or his disrespect for others can be created. In fact, not many people understand such concepts as morality and morality, considering them to be outdated norms that in modern life do not bring benefits to a person. In this article we want to talk about this topic.

If you consider yourself among the civilized people who in life are not guided only by animal instincts and biological needs, then you can be called a moral person with a sense of high morality.

However, morality and morality are, in a sense, the same categories - they have the same meaning, but there are differences that need to be clearly understood. What is meant:

Morality is a broader concept that encompasses the moral views of man. This includes feelings, and principles of a person, and his life position, justice, mercy and other qualities that determine whether he is evil or good.
In addition, morality is considered an objective unit in philosophy, because it cannot be changed, it is completely built on the laws of nature. If a person adheres to it in life, then he spiritually grows, develops, it turns out a sea of \u200b\u200bpositive energy from the Universe, otherwise he simply degrades.
Morality helps a person to be peaceful, to avoid conflict situations, and not to create them intentionally, which is often done by people for whom the concept of morality is alien.
Morality is what should be instilled in a person from the early years of his life. However, it is worth noting that in each family the understanding of morality is different. Therefore, people are not the same. Many may be kind, responsive, but everyone will still have different life principles and orientations.

What is morality? If we consider this question from the point of view of Hegel, who claimed that morality is the sphere of the ideal, due, then morality in this case means reality. In practice, the ratio of morality to morality is reflected as follows: people often take many things for granted, however, they are guided in their actions by only existing things - by the fact that they have been vaccinated since childhood (morality).

Based on this it follows that morality is:

the internal beliefs of each person, which he is guided through life;
rules of conduct instilled in a person by parents from childhood;
these are man’s value judgments, with the help of which he can build relationships with other people in society;
it is a person’s ability to change his ideal ideas about life under the influence of the imperfect reality of the world around him;
a category that determines how much a person is able to cope with life's difficulties and other circumstances that happen to him in life.

It turns out that morality is inherent only in everything human, social. Nothing living in this world no longer has moral qualities, but morality for each group of inhabitants of our planet is unique.

If we analyze carefully the above rules of morality, we will be led to such simple and understandable conclusions:

Morality reflects how much a person is spiritually developed, and morality is a category that a person most often is guided by in solving social issues.
Morality instilled in a person from an early age never changes, but morality can change under the influence of society and life circumstances.
Morality is a single category for all, having only one meaning, but morality can be different for everyone, and it depends on the moral education of the individual.
Morality is an absolute category, and morality is relative, because it can change in a person's life.
Morality is an internal state that a person simply cannot change, but morality is a person’s desire or disposition to constantly conform to some pattern.

The doctrine of morality is a complex direction in philosophy. There are a number of scientists who are convinced that morality is a synonym, because they have one source, they are studied by one science - ethics. Morality and morality are similar in that their origins come from the Bible. These are the concepts that are preached by our Orthodox faith, this is what Jesus taught all his disciples. Of course, due to our busyness in life, overloaded with personal problems, we always forget that our whole life is built on the golden rules developed not by scientists, but by religion.

If we turned more often to its canons, we would probably suffer less spiritually, we would certainly not have any problems that cause us discomfort and inconvenience in life. It turns out that in order to change one’s life for the better, it’s enough to simply observe the norms of morality, not just from case to case, but always.

The problem of morality and morality in modern society

Unfortunately, you and I have lived in a world in which a decline in morality has long occurred, because modern people are increasingly disconnecting their lives from God's commandments and laws. All of this marked the beginning:

evolutionists in 1920, who began to argue that a person must manage his own life, he can not impose any invented laws and principles;
world wars, which simply depreciate human life, because people suffered, suffered, and all this gives rise only to evil and the decline of moral principles;

the Soviet era, which destroyed all religious values \u200b\u200b- people began to read the commandments of Marx and Lenin, but the sheets of Jesus' truth were forgotten, because faith was forbidden, morality was determined only by censorship, which in the Soviet era was quite strict;
at the end of the twentieth century even censorship disappeared because of all this - frank bed scenes, murders and bloodshed began to be shown in films, to say nothing, if pornographic paintings began to appear in the public domain (although this happened to a greater extent under the influence of Western culture );
pharmacologists began to sell contraceptives, which allowed people to have an erratic sex life, not being afraid that children might be born;
in families they ceased to strive for the birth of children, because for each spouse career and personal ambitions are of paramount importance;
obtaining a diploma, a red medal or a certificate of commendation is the desire of losers who have not achieved anything in life if they do not include arrogance, rudeness and other qualities that can be used to knock out a place under the sun in the modern cruel world.

In general, everything that used to be strictly unlawful became allowed. Because of this, we and our children live in a world of bad morals. It’s hard for us to understand the moral of our grandparents, because they grew up in a different era, when traditions, rules, culture were still revered and valued. Modern man does not at all realize the role of morality and morality in people's lives. Otherwise, how to explain what is happening today in the world of politics, culture and science.

No one today, except scientists engaged in the professional study of philosophy, thinks about the origin of morality and morality and their future. After all, the democracy in which we live completely untied our hands and tongue. We can say and do whatever we like, and it is unlikely that anyone will punish us for this, even if our activities openly violate someone else’s rights.

You don’t have to go far, just analyze your own professional morality and morality - will you move up the career ladder with honest and hard work, spending your time and better years so that your children have a carefree future, or will you use a dubious and vile scheme that help you quickly take a high position? Most likely, you choose the second one, and this is not because you are a bad person, because it is impossible to say who cares about the future of the family, but because life experience has taught you so.

We hope that deep down, each of us is still a person for whom such concepts in life as good, love, respect and honor are important. We wish you that your soul be clean, open, that thoughts are kind, that love lives in your heart. Fill your life with morality and morality to feel like a harmonious person.

Video: “Morality, Morality”

Morality is very often mistakenly identified with morality. But these two concepts, if you look, carry the opposite meaning. And although morality is still interpreted in some dictionaries as a synonym for morality, let’s try to figure out why this is not worth doing.

What is morality

Morality - the system of norms and values \u200b\u200badopted in this particular society, designed to regulate the relationship between people.
Moral - Strict observance by a person of his internal principles, which are at the same time universal, universal in nature.

Comparison of morality and morality

What is the difference between morality and morality?
Morality and morality are fundamental philosophical categories that are administered by the science of ethics. But the meaning that they carry is different. The essence of morality is that it prescribes or prohibits specific human actions or actions. Morality is formed by society, and therefore it always meets the interests of a certain group (national, religious, etc.). Think about it, even criminal clans have their own morality! At the same time, they are necessarily opposed by another part of society - with its own foundations and norms, and it follows from this that there can be a great many morals at the same time. Usually, morality is fixed in the law (code), which enshrines certain norms of behavior. Each act of a person according to this law is evaluated by society negatively or positively. It is interesting that in one and the same society, morality can change over time beyond recognition (as, for example, happened in Russia in the 20th century), dictating directly opposite principles of behavior.
Morality is unchanged in content and extremely simple in form. It is absolute and expresses the interests of man (and humanity) as a whole. One of the main moral guidelines is considered to be attitude to another, as to oneself, and love for one's neighbor, which means morality initially does not accept violence, contempt, humiliation, infringement of one's rights. The most moral act is the person who commits moral acts, without even thinking about it. He simply cannot behave differently. Morality is primarily aimed at self-affirmation, and morality - at selfless interest in another person. Morality is closest to the ideal, to the universe.

TheDifference.ru determined that the difference between morality and morality is as follows:

Morality is connected with the spiritual, and morality with the social sphere.
Morality is characterized by constancy; morality is extremely volatile.
Morality is one for all, and a great many moral principles.
Moral principles are absolute, and moral principles are conditional (depending on place and time).
Morality strives to conform to a certain pattern (usually somewhere written down), morality is based on "domestic law."

In the regulation of human behavior, interpersonal and social relations, many factors play a role, one of which is morality.

Some values \u200b\u200band norms may vary slightly depending on the era, people, class or society.

But still, the principles of morality remain unchanged at almost all times and in all corners of the globe: do not kill, do not steal, do not lie, do not do to others what you do not want yourself.

What is moral

Morality is a system of generally accepted norms of behavior aimed at improving and regulating relations between people. The definition of the term belongs to the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero.

The main questions that morality answers are related to the understanding of good and evil. What can and should be done, and what cannot be done? For what people respect each other, but for what - no? In other words, this is a set of unspoken rules on how to live, existing in order for people to remain human.

From the foregoing, it is clear that morality is the subject of a study of ethics. Often these two concepts are perceived as synonyms. They differ in that the latter relates more to theory, and the former relates to practice.

There is a generally accepted ethics of individual eras and professions (journalistic, medical, etc.).

Theories of Metaethics

Celia Green identifies two types of morality:

territorial and
tribal, or folk.

Territorial morality is paradoxical in that the people in it are divided into "Friends" and "strangers" supposedly for the purpose of survival. Moreover, the fact of hospitality to "strangers" is inexplicable.

Moral functions

The main functions of morality include:

Educational - forms the correct outlook on life, is able to influence a person, regardless of his age. The educational function is one of the main in the process of becoming an individual.
Regulatory - dictates the basic norms of behavior in society.
Evaluation - provides an understanding of everything that happens from the perspective of the division into good and evil. Answers the questions: What is needed and what cannot be done? What should be done in different situations? For what actions are praised, and for which - condemned?
Controlling - allows you to draw a conclusion about the morality of actions and control them on the part of conscience and society.
Integrating - unites everyone with common moral principles, its task is to preserve the unity and peace in society, as well as the spirituality of everyone.

Moral structure

An important niche in the structure of morality is a system of values, consisting of a combination of social and individual moral views and ideals.

Values \u200b\u200bare divided into primary, having the highest level of significance, and secondary.

The highest value is a person’s life, his attitude to his neighbors and to the world as a whole. Regarding this landmark, the whole hierarchical value series: love, peaceful coexistence, altruism, honesty, responsibility, courage, the desire for self-improvement, hard work, etc.

It should be noted that this hierarchy can change in the process of personality development - for example, adolescents who have not fully realized the significance of their actions can commit a crime and harm the lives of other people just for the sake of approving their peers. Or, for example, a sense of responsibility - it also manifests itself with different strengths, depending on age, marital status and occupied place in society.

The correct system of values \u200b\u200bis important to form in childhood, convincing by word and personal example.

An idealized value system is propagated in society, that is, one that, when followed, a person will make as few mistakes as possible in relations with others. However, everyone has the right to choose whether to follow this system or be an adherent of another, if, of course, it does not go beyond the boundaries of legal norms. This decision is called moral choice.

Moral norms

The concept of foundations implies certain views on how a person should behave in different areas of his life - how to behave in a family (mutual respect, trust, love, etc.), at work (come on time, honestly perform assigned tasks, be polite with employees and superiors), with relatives, friends (helping and helping out in difficult situations, supporting them in every way), with friends and strangers (being polite, considerate and friendly). Is given here idealistic example foundations. In fact, not all people are close to these views and norms of behavior.

Also, the concept of actions taken in various life situations is included in the system of moral principles, for example: moving a grandmother across the road or giving way to public transport, etc.

The foundations develop and can change a little throughout the life of a person, but laid down from childhood, fundamental, basically remain unchanged.

In addition, they can be divided into public and individual. For example: not to steal is a public rule, but to return a lost wallet is a sign of an individual’s well-established personal moral laws.

The similarity and distinction between law and morality

Law and morality are closely related to each other: they serve to maintain order in interpersonal and social interactions. What is legal norms is necessarily included in the system of moral principles, for example: you must not inflict bodily harm to others, steal, etc. Differences of morality from law:

For actions prohibited by the legal system, the administrative or criminal punishment and condemnation of the public established by the state shall follow, and for violation of moral principles - only condemnation by the public.
Legal norms are established by the state, and moral norms by society.
The law has specific, established laws, morality - is transmitted orally and sometimes does not have clear language.

Religious morality

One of the obligatory tasks of religion is to maintain moral guidelines and nurture in a person the desire to follow them.

We can say that the main function of religious morality is to clarify what is “good” and what is “evil”, which is useful man and societyand what is harmful.

The answers to these questions are given by different religions of the world with the difference that monotheistic religions (Christianity, Judaism, Islam) more clearly distinguish between the concepts of “good” and “evil” and are based on the 10 commandments of Moses. Based on these basic moral principles, all subsequent ones are secondary ones.

Beliefs where polytheism is present (pagan, or folk) can also propagate some of the rules that are present in monotheism, but contradictions are often found in them, which are sometimes fatal in nature.

Moral, or ethical codes

The fundamental principles of moral behavior have been formulated in different religions. The following codes of ethics are known:

The Ten Commandments of Moses - are recognized by Christianity, Judaism and Islam, and are also basic to all world morality.
The golden rule is to treat others the way you want them to relate to you.
The seven laws of Noah's descendants are against murder, adultery, blasphemy, idolatry, theft, etc.
Pit and niyama in Hinduism - the prohibition of violence, theft, lies, licentiousness, greed.
The eight-step path of Buddhism

Morality has many aspects; with its help, the entire psychoemotional sphere is regulated and ordered, from individual decency to international relations.

In addition to ethics, the study of this subject is also involved in the sociology of morality, which studies the nature of the formation of various value systems in individual social groups and the causes of social conflicts caused by the mismatch of moral values, as well as possible ways to prevent them.

Morality is an essential condition for the existence of society. Its task is to make the life of each individual person and societies as a whole as best as possible by educating people in the right life priorities, values \u200b\u200band principles that turn the individual into a high-moral member of society.